学术社交网络知识交流效果研究述评

[目的/意义] 梳理并总结学术社交网络知识交流效果的相关研究,帮助学界同仁把握其发展现状,为未来研究提供思路和方向。[方法/过程] 将学术社交网络知识交流效果相关研究归纳为知识交流效果的影响因素研究、知识交流效果评价方法和评价指标体系研究、知识交流效果提升策略研究3个方面,分析各方面研究成果。[结果/结论] 现有研究存在数据来源单一、相似概念混淆、构建评价体系考虑不全面等不足之处,未来可在这些方面取得进一步突破。     

Mediation Effects In 2-1-1 Multilevel Model: Evaluation Of Alternative Estimation Methods

We compared six common methods in estimating the 2-1-1 (level-2 independent, level-1 mediator, level-1 dependent) multilevel mediation model with a random slope. They were the Bayesian with informative priors, the Bayesian with non-informative priors, the Monte-Carlo, the distribution of the product, the bias-corrected, and the bias-uncorrected parametric percentile residual bootstrap. The Bayesian method with informative priors was superior in relative mean square error (RMSE), power, interval width, and interval imbalance. The prior variance and prior mean were also varied and examined. Decreasing the prior variance increased the power, reduced RMSE and interval width when the prior mean was the true value, but decreasing the prior variance reduced the power when the prior mean was set incorrectly. The influence of misspecification of prior information of the b coefficient on multilevel mediation analysis was greater than that on coefficient a. An illustrate example with the Bayesian multilevel mediation was provided.     

Monitoring the ‘Enlaces’ educational computer network

The use of networks in education is experiencing world-wide growth. Many schools have taken advantage of the reduction of price in modems, the emergence of electronic bulletin boards and world-wide web pages with educational content, and the availability of software for public participation in networks. Nevertheless, little information is available about the quality and quantity of existing network traffic; information that would allow organizations, network project administrators and supporters, to evaluate its impact, know its usage, evolution and projections. This paper presents some of the traffic monitoring mechanisms presently in use in a Chilean educational network (the Enlaces Project), together with examples of the information collected through these mechanisms.     

Bayesian Analysis of Mixture Structural Equation Models With an Unknown Number of Components

Multivariate heterogenous data with latent variables are common in many fields such as biological, medical, behavioral, and social-psychological sciences. Mixture structural equation models are multivariate techniques used to examine heterogeneous interrelationships among latent variables. In the analysis of mixture models, determination of the number of mixture components is always an important and challenging issue. This article aims to develop a full Bayesian approach with the use of reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo method to analyze mixture structural equation models with an unknown number of components. The proposed procedure can simultaneously and efficiently select the number of mixture components and conduct parameter estimation. Simulation studies show the satisfactory empirical performance of the method. The proposed method is applied to study risk factors of osteoporotic fractures in older people.     

基于贝叶斯网络的组织创新影响机制研究

组织创新影响机制中各变量具有不确定性与动态性等特点,可以尝试进行贝叶斯网络分析。根据贝叶斯网络的基本原理,构建了基于贝叶斯网络的组织创新影响机制模型,并对复杂贝叶斯网络计算问题的简化问题进行了探讨。实例应用表明,该方法克服了其他传统分析方法局限于线性、静态分析的缺点,较为准确地反映了组织创新影响机制各变量间的动态关系。     

Weak Ties in Networked Communities

Communities with high levels of social capital are likely to have a higher quality of life than communities with low social capital. This is due to the greater ability of such communities to organize and mobilize effectively for collective action because they have high levels of social trust, dense social networks, and well-established norms of mutuality (the major features of social capital). Communities with “bridging” social capital (weak ties across groups) as well as “bonding” social capital (strong ties within groups) are the most effective in organizing for collective action. People who belong to multiple groups act as bridging ties. When people with bridging ties use communication media, such as the Internet, they enhance their capability to educate community members and to organize, as needed, for collective action. This article summarizes evidence from stratified household survey data in Blacksburg, VA, showing that people with weak (bridging) ties across groups have higher levels of community involvement, civic interest, and collective efficacy than people without bridging ties among groups. Moreover, heavy Internet users with bridging ties have higher social engagement, use the Internet for social purposes, and have been attending more local meetings and events since going online than heavy Internet users with no bridging ties. These findings may suggest that the Internet—in the hands of bridging individuals-is a tool for enhancing social relations and information exchange, and for increasing face-to-face interaction, all of which help to build both bonding and bridging social capital in communities.     

企业网络与中小企业成长的关系研究

企业网络是中小企业获取资源的重要组织模式,该文主要研究不同类型企业网络对中小企业成长的影响,并对不同类型企业网络之间的相互关系进行探讨。首先,该文基于企业网络的资源贡献维度将中小企业网络细分为社交网络、声誉网络、合作竞争网络、营销网络和技术合作网络五类,在此基础上提出一个企业网络与中小企业成长的关系模型。随后,通过对我国东北地区中小企业的实证研究,对该文提出的模型及假设进行验证。结论指出营销网络和技术合作网络是中小企业成长的直接推动力,而声誉网络会降低中小企业的成长性,社交网络和合作竞争网络对中小企业的成长并无直接作用。其中,社交网络和声誉网络会影响其他类型网络的发展,是中小企业网络集形成和发展的基础。     

Social networks and coordination performance of distributed software development teams

In this study, we explore the coordination performance of the geographically distributed software development teams by exploring OSS (Open Source Software) development dataset available through SourceForge.com. OSS team structures have traditionally been geographically dispersed and therefore, the coordination of post release activities such as testing efforts have been carried out by means of communication via electronic forms, such as email or message boards and forums. In our current communication-enriched environment, best practices for coordination are adopted by all software projects yet some still fail to achieve their target performance. Does team structure have any bearing on the performance outcome of the project? How does the communication between teams and their external parties affect ultimate success or failure of projects? We seek to answer above questions by applying existing theories and analytical methods from social networks for exploring the coordination performance of defect management activities found in OSS projects. We propose social networks based theoretical model for exploring distributed coordination structure and apply that for the case of OSS defect management process for exploring the structural properties, which induce the greatest coordination performance. The outcome of our suggest that there is correlation between certain network measures such as density, centrality and betweenness and coordination performance measures of defect management systems such as quality and timeliness.     

医药冷链物流在物联网环境下的动态风险评估

首先运用流程图法分析造成物联网环境下医药冷链物流各环节风险的众多因素源,并运用熵权法对风险指标客观赋权建立风险因素评估指标体系,然后利用Ge NIe软件建立动态贝叶斯网络模型对风险环节的关键风险因素进行概率评估。结果显示在风险评估中运输环节风险的发生概率最高,同时企业关于设备的验证选型是影响物联网医药冷链的关键风险因素,这为企业和政府控制药品质量安全管理提供了依据。     

同构型知识基础合作研发伙伴的优势

在专利竞赛的压力下,企业普遍选择知识基础多元化、网络化路线。基于汽车产业1999—2010年专利数据和负二项混合回归模型的实证研究表明,企业自身知识基础多元化与创新产出正相关,而自身知识基础网络密度与创新产出负相关;合作研发伙伴知识基础多元化正向调节自身知识基础多元化,合作研发伙伴知识基础网络密度正向调节自身知识基础网络密度。同构型合作研发伙伴有利于企业自身吸收能力的释放,对于提升其创新产出更有优势。