Fighting for social democracy: R.H. Tawney and educational reconstruction in the Second World War

R.H. Tawney (1880–1962), a leading English economic historian and prominent socialist, was vigorously involved in educational reconstruction during the Second World War. For Tawney, the war was a war for social democracy. His ideals of social democracy formed a basis for his case for Public (independent) School reform and free secondary education for all. Despite this, the connection between Tawney’s ideals and his perspectives on educational issues has not been addressed fully by historians and thus there has been a lack of a proper explanation for his often criticised sympathy for the public schools and his indifference towards the multilateral school. Hence, this paper aims to re-examine the link between them in greater depth. It concludes that, according to Tawney’s ideals of social democracy, the abolition of the public schools was not necessary for the establishment of a democratic educational system. Moreover, Tawney did not launch an attack on the tripartite system proposed by the Norwood Report of 1943 since it was not against his ideal of equality as long as different secondary schools were equal in quality and status. Equality, he believed, must be advanced through the raising of the school leaving age to 16 and the abolition of fees in all secondary schools. Thus, he laid more emphasis on the school leaving age and tuition fees than on the multilateral school. In brief, on various issues pertaining to secondary education, Tawney’s opinions and actions were deeply grounded in his distinctive ideals of social democracy.     

英国的帝国援助政策辨析(1929-1970)

通过对英国普遍性帝国援助政策和撒哈拉以南非洲独特情况的考察,认为英国援助政策本着自利的原则,仅在客观上有利于受援方发展。英国政府根据形势变化不断调整援助政策,较好地维护了自身利益。     

《国防教育法》对美国高等教育发展的影响与启示

1958年8月美国国会通过的《国防教育法》,被认为是美国教育史上具有极重要地位的、维系美国国家安全的高等教育法案。对于该法案的立法原因及结果进行分析研究,对进一步完善我国的高等教育立法,推动、深化高等教育改革具有重要的启示意义。     

法令与人情的对立与妥协——清代小说戏曲的生存处境与生存策略

清代统治者将禁毁“淫词小说”明确写入国家法典，对小说戏曲的查禁空前严厉，但清代的小说戏曲并未因此而门庭冷落，仍旧产生了大量的作品。究其原因，一方面是由于在对待小说戏曲的立场上，人情与法令之间存在着很大的对立，喜爱小说戏曲源于人的娱乐本能，人情在这一点上并不服从法令的管制；另一方面，清代小说戏曲为了生存的需要，也采取了向法令妥协的策略，其中假借“官腔”装点门面的做法虽就自我保护而言不算高明，却为创作出优秀作品提供了可能。     

行政决策专家咨询制度建设探析

专家咨询组织一般被称为“智库”,在行政决策中设立专家咨询制度是为了确保行政决策的科学性与民主 性,防止权力滥用,维护公共利益。美国通过《联邦咨询委员会法》及其配套制度将专家咨询制度法治化,我国近年来 虽然也出台了一些行政规范,但因忽视了制度本身程序的正当性,导致这些规范性文件不足以使智库发挥其应有的作 用。本文在专家咨询制度中引入正当法律程序作为法理基础,从程序的参与性、公开性、中立性等价值出发,分析我 国行政决策专家咨询制度存在问题,提出相应的完善建议。     

论侵权行为归责原则

侵权行为归责原则，是侵权行为法的的重要组成部分，本运用比较分析的方法，对侵权行为归责原则的概念和侵权行为归责原则的体系进行了理论上的探讨。     

民办高等教育:告别尴尬的处境--兼谈《民办教育促进法》

民办高等教育是我国教育事业的组成部分，但是民办高等教育的现状不容乐观。《民办教育促进法》的出台从法律上保护了民办教育应有的地位，具有积极重要的意义，民办高等教育也因此告别了尴尬的处境。《民办教育促进法》的现实化一是要完善相关的配套法律法规体系；二是要促进观念的转变。     

论Gone with the Wind一书中Rhett Butler形象的塑造

结合现代语用学中的“礼貌策略”理论及语义学中关于语义类型及言语行为理论,从三个方面对Ｇｏｎｅｗｉｔｈ　ｔｈｅ　Ｗｉｎｄ一书中Ｒｈｅｔｔ　Ｂｕｔｌｅｒ这个人物形象的塑造进行分析,并指出其成功与不足之处。     

论《爱国者法案》对美国图书馆的影响

美国图书馆界历来重视用户的隐私保护,通过一系列法律和政策限制政府机构获取用户信息,防止利用技术手段侵犯用户的隐私权。2001年出台的《爱国者法案》直接影响到图书馆用户的隐私权,弱化了图书馆用户的隐私保护。为此,美国图书馆界采取推动立法和充分发挥现有法律的作用等应对措施来确保用户的隐私权。     

Regulatory policy, value of knowledge assets and innovation strategy: The case of the Orphan Drug Act

The U.S. Orphan Drug Act provides R&D incentives to drug-makers that go beyond statutory patent protection. The study explores the act's effect on financial returns to innovation and on the strategy of orphan drug development. Results indicate that the financial return to orphan drug development is positive. The findings suggest that when market size is small and cumulative innovation is an important phenomenon the policy that extends effective patent duration or subsidizes R&D activity improves incentives to innovate.