“Should I let them talk?”: Private speech and task performance among preschool children with and without behavior problems

Preschool and kindergarten teachers must make decisions everyday about how much to allow their children to talk out loud to themselves during various classroom activities. The present study examines the effects of children's private speech use on task performance for a group of behaviorally at-risk children and a group of control children during a speech–action coordination task. Twenty-nine behaviorally at-risk preschool children and 43 control children completed two versions of a speech–action coordination task (motor sequencing version and numeric tapping) two times, once with and once without speech instructions. Results indicated that the behaviorally at-risk children used more speech spontaneously compared to control children and performed just as well, and that both groups of children performed better when given instructions to use speech. Implications of these findings for early childhood educators’ decisions about children's private speech use in the classroom are discussed.     

解读当代日本大学生的学习行为与意识——简析2007年度日本全国大学生调查

在高等教育大众化的时代,高等教育的质量保障成为各国所面临的共同课题。由于高等教育的直接对象是大学生,了解学生的学习状况就自然成为该领域研究的关键所在。东京大学大学经营政策研究中心(GRUMP)在2007年进行了一次全国范围的学生调查,问卷内容涉及学生的学习行为、学习意识和教学评价等多方面。根据调查结果,学生被分为四个类型,各类型学生的学习状况存在着明显的差异。如何应对学生的不同需求,提高教学质量是值得我们进一步研究的。     

公职权的涵义及构成要素

公职是国家机关及其他国有单位中具有公共性质的职务。公职权是公民享有平等机会就任国家机关及其他国有单位中具有公共性质的职务的权利。公职权不同于劳动权和工作权，属于政治权利范畴，是公民参政权的重要组成部分。公职权是由资格、利益和自由行为三部分内容构成的。     

“体育运动与攻击行为”的分析

运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法对攻击行为发生的心理机制进行回顾,通过参考一般攻击行为模型的逻辑框架,在“健康中国”背景下,分析体育运动对攻击行为的影响。研究显示:引发攻击行为的因素包括内部因素:个体人格、认知、情绪、生理唤醒水平;外部因素:运动情景因素。体育运动能够改善个体攻击性的人格、认知和情绪,提高生理唤醒水平;参与低强度、低竞争性、低任务条件下的非接触性、娱乐活动和有组织、优良环境下的体育活动对于减少个人攻击行为水平更加帮助。在价值导向上,体育应回归其教育本质上,淡化功利与竞争意识;公共传媒应净化舆论环境,广泛宣传体育运动背后的精神价值及其人文理念,以促进公民身心与人格的全面健康发展。     

顾客抱怨行为影响因素研究综述

顾客抱怨行为影响因素可分为个体因素、情境因素、文化因素三方面。个体因素中的态度因素对于顾客抱怨行为有较大影响。情境因素对顾客抱怨行为影响在三类因素中最为显著。文化因素最常用于不同国家顾客抱怨行为的比较研究中。     

凸现人文:I=S＋B＋V——论图书馆形象优化

图书馆形象包涵着精神形象、行为形象和视觉形象,即I=S B V。无论精神、行为 和视觉形象的建设,都必须凸现人,重在人文关怀。凸现人文是优化图书馆形象的本质。参考 文献10。     

中学生亲社会行为与同伴关系的相关研究

运用素社会倾向量表、友谊质量问卷和同伴排名问卷,对318名中学生进行亲社会行为与同伴关系的相关性调查.调查结果显示:中学生亲社会行为与友谊质量、同伴接纳存在显著正相关;多元线性回归发现,同伴接纳、帮助与指导、冲突解决策略、肯定与关心对中学生的亲社会行为有显著预测作用.     

A cross-lag analysis of longitudinal associations between preschool teachers’ instructional support identification skills and observed behavior

The present study examined the pattern of association(s) over time between (a) knowledge of and observational skills in identifying teacher–child interactions, and (b) observed behavior in the domain of instructional interaction for 405 preschool teachers enrolled in a professional development study. Teacher's knowledge/observational skills and observed instructional support behaviors with children were assessed in the fall and spring over a two-year period. During this time, the teachers were also randomized into a college course focused on interactions, then re-randomized into a coaching intervention, also focused on instructional interaction. Cross-lagged analyses suggest that prior observed behavior was the stronger predictor of change in both knowledge/observation skills and in later observed behavior, and that both the course and the coaching interventions contributed to improvements in teachers observed instructional support behavior. Mediational analyses of the course effects indicated longer-term impact on observed instructional behavior were through immediate impacts on those same behaviors, whereas long-term impacts on knowledge were through immediate impacts on both observed instructional behavior and knowledge. The results have implications for the design, delivery, and focus of professional development for early childhood educators.