OutwardBound模式的演变轨迹与当代启示

为了探寻适应我国国情的拓展训练模式,审视了20世纪40年代以来国外拓展训练四种模式的演化轨迹,在呈现出不同模式特点的基础上,分析不同模式的“共性”与“不足”,借鉴其成功方法,归纳其启示思路．将有利于推进我国“本土化”拓展训练模式的构建进程,进而促进我国拓展训练的全面发展。     

Asian Americans Beyond the Model Minority Stereotype: The Nerdy and the Left Out

Abstract

Most racial-ethnic stereotypes about Asian Americans are constructed, activated, and perpetuated by the media, but very few empirical studies have ever investigated the extent to which people accept the media stereotypes about Asians. This study applied cultivation theory to examine whether people's perceptions of Asian Americans are consistent with media stereotypes and whether the media activated racial-ethnic stereotypes affect people's interaction behaviors with Asians. Results demonstrate that people's perceptions and judgments about Asian Americans are largely aligned with the media representations, and these stereotypes impact people's intent to interact with Asians. Four specific findings were obtained. First, among racial-ethnic groups in the U.S., Asians are perceived as most likely to achieve academic success; second, Asians are most likely to be perceived as nerds; third, Asians are perceived as most likely to be left out; and last, people are least likely to initiate friendship with Asians and Hispanics.     

RFID systems in libraries: An empirical examination of factors affecting system use and user satisfaction

Library operation and management requires the performance of a number of repetitive, painstaking, labour- and time-intensive activities. Hence, in order to increase efficiency and effectiveness, many libraries are moving towards automation of the majority of their activities. Libraries are deploying Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology as a substitute for barcode systems for item identification and tracking, and this ultimately enables the automation of the majority of their processes. It is apparent from the available literature that research on RFID-related issues is largely concentrated on technical, organizational and implementation aspects, and less attention has been paid to understanding the use and user-satisfaction aspects. Therefore, this article aims to understand factors affecting the use of RFID systems and user satisfaction in a library context by empirically testing relevant constructs from DeLone and McLean's IS Success Model. A questionnaire-based survey was employed to collect data from a total of 181 respondents, who were all active users of an RFID-based library system. The findings from this study suggest that factors like system quality, use and user satisfaction positively influence consumer attitudes towards RFID-enabled services. The concluding section outlines salient points and briefly describes the associated limitations of this research, along with suggestions for future research directions.     

竞技体育俱乐部与裁判员策略空间的模型构建研究

裁判员是在竞赛过程中,依据赛会规程和项目规则,对参赛运动员、教练员和随队人员在比赛中的所表现出的行为与动作作出评判并最终判定胜负的人员.因此可以说裁判员的公正执法是比赛双方公平竞赛的先决条件.笔者从经济博弈的角度分析了裁判员与俱乐部之间行为,通过对模型的建立和推导得出一个不完全信息的纳什(NALH)均衡模型[1],并通过对策略空间的分析,提出一些控制和减少这种行为的合理建议,为规范我国体育裁判员的执法与俱乐部越轨行为提出有益建议.     

Intra-individual movement variability during skill transitions: A useful marker?

Abstract

Applied research suggests that athletes and coaches need to be challenged in knowing when and how much a movement should be consciously attended to. This is exacerbated when the skill is in transition between two more stable states, such as when an already well-learnt skill is being refined. Using existing theory and research, this paper highlights the potential application of movement variability as a tool to inform a coach's decision-making process when implementing a systematic approach to technical refinement. Of particular interest is the structure of co-variability between mechanical degrees-of-freedom (e.g., joints) within the movement system's entirety when undergoing a skill transition. Exemplar data from golf are presented, demonstrating the link between movement variability and mental effort as an important feature of automaticity, and thus intervention design throughout the different stages of refinement. Movement variability was shown to reduce when mental effort directed towards an individual aspect of the skill was high (target variable). The opposite pattern was apparent for variables unrelated to the technical refinement. Therefore, two related indicators, movement variability and mental effort, are offered as a basis through which the evaluation of automaticity during technical refinements may be made.     

The Hecht vault performed at the 1995 World Gymnastics Championships: Deterministic model and judges' scores

The aim of this study was to determine the mechanical variables that govern success of the Hecht vault. The participants were 122 male gymnasts from 30 countries performing the vault at the 1995 World Gymnastics Championships. The vaults were filmed using a Photosonics 16-mm motion picture camera operating at 100 Hz. Approximately 80 frames were digitized for each vault analysed. The method of Hay and Reid was used to develop a theoretical model to identify the mechanical and physical variables that determine linear and angular motions of the vault. Correlational analysis was used to establish the strength of the relationship between the causal mechanical variables identified in the model and the judges' scores. Significant correlations (P ? 0.005) indicated that the following were important determinants of success: large horizontal and vertical velocities at take-off from the board and the horse; large vertical and angular distances of pre-flight; large vertical impulses of high force and short duration exerted on the horse and the resulting large changes in vertical velocity on the horse; and large horizontal and vertical distances and long times of post-flight. Of the 18 significant variables identified in the present study, the angular distance of pre- and post-flights, the horizontal velocity and angular momentum at take-off from the horse, and the average moment of inertia and duration of post-flight collectively accounted for 57% of the variation in the judges' scores.     

Modelling the flight of a soccer ball in a direct free kick

This study involved a theoretical and an experimental investigation of the direct free kick in soccer. Our aim was to develop a mathematical model of the ball's flight incorporating aerodynamic lift and drag forces to explore this important 'set-play'. Trajectories derived from the model have been compared with those obtained from detailed video analysis of experimental kicks. Representative values for the drag and lift coefficients have been obtained, together with the implied orientation of the ball's spin axis in flight. The drag coefficient varied from 0.25 to 0.30 and the lift coefficient from 0.23 to 0.29. These values, used with a simple model of a defensive wall, have enabled free kicks to be simulated under realistic conditions, typical of match-play. The results reveal how carefully attackers must engineer the dynamics of a successful kick. For a central free kick some 18.3 m (20 yards) from goal with a conventional wall, and initial speed of 25 m·s^?1, the ball's initial elevation must be constrained between 16.5° and 17.5° and the ball kicked with almost perfect sidespin.     

Developing Engaging Learning Experiences in Preservice Education

Abstract

Opportunities to learn how to develop engaging learning experiences are vital for preservice teachers. This article describes an in-class modeling activity, provides assignment guidelines, and includes examples of candidates' completed tasks when developing technology-integrated instruction using Quick Response (QR) codes. The content of participants' (n?=?75) tasks were analyzed for complexity following the SAMR model (Pnuentedura 2013 Pnuentedura, R. 2013. SAMR: An EdTech quintet perspective. Retrieved from http://www.hippasus.com/rrpweblog/archives/2013/07/29/SAMRAnETQPerspective.pdf [Google Scholar]). Most candidates enhanced instructional experiences (73%), while others transformed them (27%) by developing engaging collaborative experiences that culminated in students creating a product using technology tools. Observations revealed that candidates appreciated learning how QR codes could be used to make learning experiences more engaging. Candidates showed a willingness to use their own smart devices for learning purposes. Aligning appropriate curriculum content standards with assigned tasks was achieved by all participants.     

基于凯恩斯消费模型的湖南省城市居民体育消费力的研究

体育消费作为社会休闲消费的重要组成部分,是衡量社会闲暇时间和经济的重要标志,或者说是标志社会幸福程度的数据之一,进入普遍有闲的社会是人类的共同理想。随着科学技术进步,生产力的发展和社会分工的越来越细致,劳动者的劳动时间不断减少,体育锻炼在人们生活中的地位越来越重要,或者说,体育消费在人均体育资源相对短缺的都市,也凸显重要,用钱换闲,换来健康和科学合理的体育锻炼指导是一种新的城市人的需求和经济增长点。作者认为可以把体育所需要的时间及收入纳入到消费函数中进行分析。在市场行为下,时间的商品化、服务的质量和市场化程度成为体育消费在消费函数中的基本约束。