An investigation of the divergences and convergences of trait empathy across two cultures

ABSTRACT

The extent to which individuals with a variety of cultural backgrounds differ in empathic responsiveness is unknown. This article describes the differences in trait empathy in one independent and one interdependent society (i.e., the US and Iran, respectively). The analysis of data collected from self-reported questionnaires answered by 326 adults indicated a significant difference in the cognitive component of empathy concerning participants’ affiliation to either egocentric or socio-centric society: Iranian participants with interdependent cultural norms, reported higher cognitive empathy compared to American participants who share independent cultural norms. In line with previous studies, gender differences were observed in all subscales of questionnaires, except the Empathy Quotient (EQ). Female participants demonstrated more empathy than males in both samples. Implications for understanding the cross-cultural differences of various components of empathy are discussed.     

隐性知识理念下的大学生个性培养研究

本文以中国石油大学（华东）为例探讨了在隐性知识理念下如何塑造大学生个性的问题。中国石油大学（华东）从研究隐性知识与个性培养的关系入手,规范个性培养原则,构建了“以学生个性培养为目标,以学生创新实践为导向,以学生广泛参与为主线”的个性化培养体系,提升了本科教育质量。     

自由教育、通识教育、人文素质教育的演进——基于人格理想和社会背景的考察

自由教育、通识教育、人文素质教育是人文主义思想在不同历史时期的不同表现。通识教育、人文素质教育在现实中面临困境,是科学主义占主导社会的必然现象。面对困境,我国的人文素质教育应该有必要的坚守,要充分体现对＂全面发展的人＂的人格理想追求;要重视专业教育的人文价值,由＂专业＂达至＂人文＂。     

《高等代数》五种课型的研究与实践

文章介绍了《高等代数》教学方法与教学手段改革的课堂教学的五种课型实践,分别是引导讲解式、启发探究式、纵横联系式、讲练结合式和数学实验式。     

幼儿人格发展特点的调查研究

在以往幼儿人格结构研究基础上探明幼儿人格发展的特点。使用幼儿人格调查问卷,由主要抚养家长来评定。结果表明幼儿人格除尽责性,其他各维度发展良好,表现出积极特征,此外幼儿的人格发展存在性别差异主要表现在和善性维度上,5岁组幼儿在和善性和探索性维度上显著优于3岁组幼儿。     

The role of education in nineteenth‐century doctrines of political economy

Human Characteristics and School Learning. By B. S. Bloom. Pp. 284. New York. McGraw‐Hill, 1976. £8.20.

Child Language, Learning and Linguistics. By David Crystal. Pp. 106. London: Edward Arnold, 1976. £4.25. Paper £1.95.

Schools Council Working Paper No. 60: Examinations at 18+—The N and F Studies. Pp. 272. London: Evans/Methuen Educational, 1978. £4.50.

In and Out of School (The ROSLA Community Education Project). By R. White &; D. Brockington. London: RKP, 1978. 200pp. Hardback £4.50, Paperback £2.25.

County Grammar School: A History of Ludlow Grammar School Through Eight Centuries Against its Local Background. By David J. Lloyd, 1977.

Adolescence and Youth in Prospect. Edited by John P. Hill and Franz J. Monks. Pp. 216. IPC Science and Technology Press, Ltd., Guildford; 1977. £6.80.

Resource‐Based Learning. By N. Beswick. Pp.xiv+264. Heinemann, London, 1977. £6.50.

Instead of Education. Ways to help people do things better. By John Holt. Pp. 252. Penguin Books, 1977. 8op.

Philosophical foundations for the curriculum. By Allen Brent, pp. 233. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1978. £7.50 hardback, £3.50 paperback.

The Politics of Curriculum Change. By Tony Becher and Stuart Maclure. Pp. 192. London: Hutchinson, 1978, £2.95.

Power and the Curriculum: Issues in Curriculum Studies. Edited by Colin Richards. Pp. 170. Driffield: Nafferton Books. 1978. £2.95.

The Nineteenth Century Woman: Her Cultural and Physical World, Edited by Sara Delamont and Lorna Duffin. Pp. 213. London: Croom Helm 1978: £7.50.

The training of teachers in England and Wales 1800—1975. By H. C. Dent. Pp. viii, 163. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1977. Paperback £2.35.

American Education: An Introduction to Social and Political Aspects. By Joel Spring. Pp. vi, 234. New York and London: Longman, 1978: £4.50.     

心理学专业学生人格特征对其学业成绩的影响

本研究采用卡特尔16种人格因素量表(16-PF)和艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)对187名心理学专业学生进行人格特征调查,探讨心理学专业学生的人格特征对其学习成绩的影响。结果表明:(1)心理学专业学生的聪慧性、兴奋性与学习成绩呈正相关(ps<0.01);世故性与学习成绩呈负相关(ps<0.01)。(2)心理学专业学生神经质、精神质人格与学习成绩呈显著负相关(p<0.01,p<0.05)。     

论高校思想政治理论课教学中的人格教育

人格在人的发展中起着基础性作用,而人是促进社会发展进步的最关键因素。高校思想政治理论课教学作为培养大学生良好政治素质和思想道德素质的主渠道,也是对大学生进行人格教育的主阵地。当前高校思想理论课教育对于人格教育的内容体系及其方式、方法建设则较为薄弱。因此,加强思想政治理论课中的人格教育,使得大学生具备健全成熟的人格势在必行。     

关于高师美术素描教学中若干问题的思考

素描作为一切造型艺术的基础,在现代的高等美术教育中,仍是不可或缺的。在素描教学上不仅引导学生完善技巧,还应该进行多方面的"循循善诱",这其中包括引导学生以"读"为基,体味各式的艺术风貌和个人气质;启发学生以全新的视角来观察自然,尊重直觉,传达自我观念及情感表达;注重个性培养,增强艺术形式的多样性。在教学中实现三方面的兼顾、结合,应是当代美术教育的发展方向。