甲壳素/壳聚糖的提取及其应用研究新进展

甲壳素/壳聚糖是一种环境友好型的可再生天然高分子材料,在能源日益紧缺和环境污染日益严重的现代社会,对应用可再生材料及环保材料的要求日益提高.因此.甲壳素,壳聚糖越来越多地被国内外研究者所重视,对它的研究也日益深入,现在,甲壳素/壳聚糖的应用领域已覆盖环保、食品、生物医用材料、生物农药等诸多方面.本文主要介绍了甲壳素/壳聚糖的提取和应用的最新研究进展.     

二维Otsu算法在壁虎脑切片图像处理中的应用

提出将基于二维Otsu算法的分割方法应用于大壁虎脑切片彩色图像背景区域的漂白处理中及保护目标区域的方法,并对一维和二维算法进行了比较。首先构建二维直方图,然后利用二维直方图建立二维Otsu算法,并对大壁虎脑切片彩色图像进行分割,最后恢复分割完成的二值图像中目标区域的彩色特性。这一方法在生物医学彩色图像处理中得到了较好的实现,同时,本文进一步验证了该方法在普通彩色图像处理中的可行性。     

Biomedical innovation at the laboratory, clinical and commercial interface: A new method for mapping research projects, publications and patents in the field of microarrays

Using the example of microarrays, one of the constitutive technologies of post-genomic biomedicine, this paper introduces a method for analyzing publications, patents and research grants as proxies for “triple-helix interfaces” between university, industry and government activities. Our method creates bridges that allow one to move seamlessly between publication, patent and research project databases that use different fields and formats, and contain different information. These links do not require pre-defined categories in order to search for correspondences between sub-topics or research areas in the three databases. Finally, our results are not restricted to quantitative information but, rather, allow one to carry out qualitative investigations of the content of research activities. Our approach draws on a combination of text-mining and network analysis/mapping software packages.     

Data literacy training needs of biomedical researchers

Objective

The research investigated topic priorities for data literacy training for biomedical researchers and staff.

Methods

An electronic survey was used to assess researchers'' level of knowledge related to data literacy skills and the relevance of these skills to their work.

Results

Most respondents did not have any formal training in data literacy. Respondents considered most tasks highly relevant to their work but rated their expertise in tasks lower.

Conclusion

Among this group, researchers have diverse data literacy training needs. Librarians'' expertise makes them well suited to provide such training.     

基于DSP的超声风速测量

设计了超声波发射、接收、放大等电路,采用高速A/D转换器采集超声波接收信号,利用DSP进行数据处理.设计IIR带通滤波器对采集信号进行前后向滤波以消除延迟,通过窄带及宽带滤波分别取得序列A与B.利用序列A通过插值取得首先超过阈值的某一周期的精确起始时间,通过序列A及反相序列A′分别与序列B的对应周期进行方差分析,利用假设检验来识别接收波形的起始周期,从而求出超声波的传输时间.通过超声波在三坐标轴向来回的传输时间与空气流速间的关系,求出三维风速与风向.结果表明,测量可靠性及精度得到提高,电路设计也得到简化.     

MATLAB自学型课程在生物医学工程专业的教学探索

自学型课程对于提高学生专业水平、增强学生综合素质具有极其重要的意义。我们结合专业特色,在多年教学研究的基础上,开展了《MATLAB及其医学应用》自学型课程,通过利用易于自学的开发平台MATLAB来分析和处理各种医学信号,锻炼学生深入掌握专业理论知识的技能。教学实践证明,MATLAB自学型课程能够有效地培养和塑造学生的自主学习能力。     

Where excludability matters: Material versus intellectual property in academic biomedical research

On the basis of survey responses from 507 academic biomedical researchers, we examine the impact of patents on access to the knowledge and material inputs that are used in subsequent research. We observe that access to knowledge inputs is largely unaffected by patents. Accessing other researchers’ materials and/or data, such as cell lines, reagents, or unpublished information is, however, more problematic. The main factors associated with restricted access to materials and/or data include scientific competition, the cost of providing materials, a history of commercial activity on the part of the prospective supplier, and whether the material in question is itself a drug.     

医学期刊论文结构式摘要质量的探讨

【目的】 分析医学论文结构式摘要的要素体系,提高结构式摘要的完整性、简洁性、均衡性及透明性。【方法】 以不同设计类型医学论文的结构式摘要为例,为作者及期刊编辑提供结构式摘要撰写过程中需要注意的细节,并分析不同结构式摘要文体的差别。【结果】 医学结构式论文摘要一般由五个“W ”及一个“H” 等基本要素组成。其文体不但要合乎期刊的要求,还要对照论文类型,遵循不同类型结构式摘要的要求和规范,并查询几种特殊类型医学论文摘要的指南及网址。【结论】 理解医学论文结构式摘要的要素及其撰写技巧,有助于促进医学论文撰写的规范化,提高论文的质量。     

交易成本视角下生物医药孵化器建设存在问题及对策

从交易成本理论视角来看,生物医药孵化器具有实现创新资源共享、降低市场交易成本等作用,在运营发展过程中也会产生比较高的信息成本、协调成本及监督成本.分入孵、在孵两个阶段,分析提出我国生物医药孵化器运营成本问题的成因,主要包括信息共享不足、运行机制不够健全以及监督体系有待完善等,结合对美国强生JLabs生物医药孵化器的案例分析,从交易成本视角为降低我国生物医药孵化器运营成本、提高孵化能力,提出加强信息共享建设、制定健全运行机制和构建完善监督体系等具体对策建议.     

应用关键动词抽取生物医学实体间语义关系研究综述

对利用关键动词(即语义关系动词)进行关系抽取的研究进行回顾,并对生物医学语义关系抽取的常用方法进行详细介绍。认为目前关系抽取研究中所利用的关键动词主要是人工选取的,涉及的主观因素较多,影响关键动词选取的客观性、准确性和全面性。因此,如何自动化地找到这些动词可能会成为今后关系挖掘的一项关键任务。