间歇运动激活心梗大鼠心肌NRG1-PI3K/Akt通路抑制心肌细胞凋亡

摘要：目的: 探讨心脏NRG1在间歇运动激活心梗(myocardial infarction,MI)大鼠心肌NRG1-PI3K/Akt通路抑制心肌细胞凋亡的作用。方法：雄性SD大鼠48只,随机分为假手术组(S),心梗安静组(MI),心梗+间歇运动组(ME),心梗+间歇运动+抑制剂组(MEA),每组12只。采用左冠脉前降支结扎法建立MI模型。S组手术仅穿线不结扎。ME组和MEA组在MI术后1wk进行跑台间歇运动。运动开始速度为10m/min运动10min后,速度逐渐增至25m/min×7 min,再以15 m/min×3min运动,之后依次交替进行。60min×1次/d,5d/1wk×8wk。训练结束后次日,腹腔麻醉,颈动脉插管测定LVSP、LVEDP及±dp/dtmax。之后开胸摘取心脏,进行组织学制片,Masson染色。荧光实时定量PCR测定心肌NRG1及其受体ErbB2/4表达。Western Blot法检测心肌NRG1、ErbB2/4、PI3K/Akt、Bcl-2和Bax蛋白含量。Caspase3表达及TUNEL检测观察分析心肌细胞凋亡情况。结果: MI组胶原容积百分比(CVF)和LVEDP较S组显著升高(P<0.01,P<0.01),LVSP和±dp/dtmax显著降低(P<0.01,P<0.01)。且MI后心肌ErbB4 mRNA表达显著降低(P<0.01),心肌NRG1、ErbB2和ErbB4蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.01),PI3K/Akt蛋白表达及Bcl-2/Bax比值显著降低(P<0.01,P<0.01),TUNEL阳性细胞数和Caspase3活力显著增加(P<0.01,P<0.01)。ME组CVF和LVEDP较MI组显著降低(P<0.01,P<0.01),LVSP和±dp/dtmax显著升高(P<0.01,P<0.01),心肌NRG1、ErbB2和ErbB4 mRNA及蛋白表达均显著增加(P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.01),PI3K/Akt蛋白表达和Bcl-2/Bax比值显著增加(P<0.01,P<0.01),TUNEL阳性细胞数和Caspase3活力显著降低(P<0.01,P<0.01),且运动效应被抑制剂AG1478显著减弱。结论:间歇运动可通过激活心肌NRG1及其受体表达,上调PI3K/Akt蛋白表达,抑制心肌细胞凋亡和胶原过度增生,改善心功能。     

从IGFBP3基因筛选预测低氧训练对左心室功能影响的分子标记

目的:通过胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白3(IGFBP3)基因多态性与低氧训练-高住高练低训(HiHiLo)后左心室功能训练效果的关联性分析,为预测低氧训练效果,制定个性化低氧训练方案提供分子标记.方法:68名男子大学生运动员接受为期4周HiHiLo训练,使用Doppler超声心动仪测试其训练前、后安静状态和递增负荷运动下的心功能指标.采用PCR-RFLP方法解析受试者IGFBP3基因A-202C、Pro158His位点的多态性,并与训练前、后心功能指标进行关联分析.结果:A-202C位点多态性与50 W/SV和CO、100 W/SV和CO初始值关联,均为AA基因型高于AC基因型;与150 W/HR、CI的训练效果关联,表现为AA基因型变化显著;Pro158His位点多态性与50W/EF、CO和CI,100W/CO初始值关联,均为AA基因型高于AC基因型,与安静状态/HR、50W/SI、100W/SI的训练效果关联,表现为AC基因型变化显著.结论:IGFBP3基因A-202C位点从基因型和Pro158His位点AC基因型对于4周HiHiLo训练在左心室功能方面表现出较好的敏感性,可作为预测低氧训练效果的分子标记.     

力量训练和耐力训练的生理基础

无论是对于大众健身还是专业训练,目前一致认为,力量训练能够促使肌肉体积增加、力量增长,而耐力训练则可以改变机体的有氧代谢水平。此外,如果将力量训练跟耐力训练无间隔交叉进行则会产生相互干扰的效果。旨在通过对这两种训练各自的信号转导途径进行分析以及互相干扰现象进行系统地阐述,以期能够为大众健身以及专业训练的人群在训练计划的安排上提供一个合理的理论依据及建议。     

虚拟现实技术在高校教学中的应用研究

阐述了VR技术在高校教学中的优势,重点介绍了5种主流网络VR技术的性能特点和应用状况,同时论述了VR技术与教学相互促进和推动的发展趋势。     

补充扇贝肽对运动大鼠停训后萎缩骨骼肌细胞Caspase-3活性的影响

目的:通过测试萎缩骨骼肌细胞Caspase-3、SOD活性和MDA含量,观察补充扇贝肽对运动大鼠停训导致骨骼肌萎缩后肌细胞Caspase-3活性及其抗氧化能力的影响,研究扇贝肽对停训后骨骼肌萎缩的干预作用。方法:40只SD雄性大鼠以15 m/min的速度,持续性水平跑台训练30 min开始进行递增负荷运动,运动6 d/周,休息1 d/周,速度递增3 m/min/周,时间递增30 min/周,运动3周后即刻处死10只大鼠为基础对照组,其余大鼠随机分组为补充安慰剂阴性对照组、补充牛乳阳性对照组和补充扇贝肽实验组,30只大鼠左侧后肢实施石膏固定模拟停训模型,并进行扇贝肽补充实验。实验组和对照组所有动物每天分别进行灌胃15%扇贝肽饮料2mL、等量的安慰剂和牛乳。结果:发现补充扇贝肽可显著减低停训后萎缩骨骼肌细胞MDA含量增加,增加SOD活性,提高细胞内抗氧化能力,可显著抑制停训后萎缩骨骼肌细胞Caspase-3的活性,从而抑制骨骼肌收缩蛋白和结构蛋白的降解,促进萎缩骨骼肌的恢复。     

基于ActiGraph GT3X监测网球运动能量消耗的研究

目的:应用ActiGraph GT3X对网球运动等非周期性运动能量消耗进行测评,建立适合网球运动能耗预测的回归方程,从而丰富ActiGraph测量体系.方法:以K4b2测量值作为校标,分别在拍柄、持拍手手腕外侧、腰部髂肌外侧、大腿中央前侧和脚踝外侧(持拍手同一侧肢体)各佩戴一个加速度计(ActiGraph GT3X),同步对网球运动中不同球速下(30 km/h、60 km/h)的原地正、反手击球,侧向移动正、反手击球,向前移动正、反手击球,侧向移动正反手交替击球和模拟自由单打的运动过程进行监测.结果:腰部、大腿和踝关节部位GT3X的EE和MET预测值存在明显低估,与K4b2测量值一致性较低;手腕和拍柄部位GT3X的EE和MET预测值存在明显高估,与K4b2测量值一致性较低;研究建立了2个网球运动能耗预测回归方程,经检验其预测值与实测值没有显著性差异.结论:运用ActiGraph GT3X对网球等隔网对抗运动项目进行监测存在显著误差,EE和MET的预测存在明显高估或低估的现象;基于ActiGraph GT3X所建立的能耗预测方程能对网球运动进行有效的运动监测.     

Kinematic analysis of the drag flick in field hockey

Attaining high speed of the stick head and consequently of the ball is essential for successful performance of the drag flick in field hockey, but the coordination pattern used to maximise stick head speed is unknown. The kinematics of the drag flick was studied in ten elite hockey players who performed twenty shots each towards a target located 1.5 m high. A 150 Hz active marker motion analysis system was used, alongside two force plates to detect foot touchdown. Angular velocity and contribution to stick endpoint speed of upper body joints were analysed. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare timing of onset and peak angular velocities between joints. Participants used a kinematic pattern that was close to a proximal-to-distal sequence. Trunk axial rotation and lateral rotation towards the target, right wrist flexion and left wrist extension were the main contributors to stick endpoint speed. Coaches should emphasise trunk rotations and wrist flexion and extension movements for maximising stick head speed. Given the high level of the participants in this study, the coordination of joints motions, as reported here, can serve as a guideline for drag flick training.     

Shoe drop reduction influences the lower limb biomechanics of children tennis players during an open stance forehand: A longitudinal study

Compared to traditional tennis shoes, using 0-drop shoes was shown to induce an immediate switch from rear- to forefoot strike pattern to perform an open stance tennis forehand for 30% of children tennis players. The purpose of the study was to examine the long-term effects of a gradual reduction in the shoe drop on the biomechanics of children tennis players performing open stance forehands. Thirty children tennis players participated in 2 laboratory biomechanical test sessions (intermediate: +4 months and final: +8 months) after an inclusion visit where they were randomly assigned to control (CON) or experimental (EXP) group. CON received 12-mm-drop shoes twice, whereas EXP received 8?mm then 4-mm-drop shoes. Strike index indicated that all CON were rearfoot strikers in intermediate and final test sessions. All EXP were rearfoot strikers in intermediate test session, but half the group switched towards a forefoot strike pattern in final test session. This switch resulted in a decreased loading rate of the ground reaction force (?73%, p?=?.005) but increased peak ankle plantarflexors moment (+47%, p?=?.050) and peak ankle power absorption (+107%, p?=?.005) for these participants compared with CON. Biomechanical changes associated with the long-term use of partial minimalist shoes suggest a reduction in heel compressive forces but an increase in Achilles tendon tensile forces.     

集中连片特困地区贫困发生率的空间特征*--基于3D框架对武陵山片区的个案分析

扶持集中连片特殊困难地区脱贫致富是中国新一轮减贫的重点,片区扶贫是把片区作为主战场,以片区的形式组织扶贫开发。选取武陵山片区有代表性的41个县为样本,采用中国农村贫困监测报告的相关数据,基于密度、距离和整合的3D框架分析县域贫困发生率的影响因素,结果表明：与经济中心距离越远、基于面积的经济密度越高、扶贫资金越多的县,贫困发生率越高,反映出经济发展与扶贫工作不同步、偏远地区经济增长动力不足以及扶贫资金使用效率和扶贫精准度有待提高等问题。因此,应转变发展方式,实现县域经济密度和减贫绩效“双赢”;加快基础设施建设,缩小偏远地区与中心城市的经济距离;建立和完善精准扶贫、协作扶贫机制,提高扶贫资金使用效率。