Socioeconomic trends in school bullying among Finnish adolescents from 2000 to 2015

Bullying at school has far-reaching impacts on adolescent well-being and health. The aim of this study was to examine trends in bullying at school according to socioeconomic adversities among Finnish adolescents from 2000 to 2015. A population-based school survey was conducted biennially among 14–16-year-old Finns between 2000 and 2015 (n = 761,278). Distributions for bullying, being bullied and socioeconomic adversities were calculated. Associations between bullying involvement, time and socioeconomic adversities were studied using binomial logistic regression with results shown by odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. At the population level, the likelihoods of bullying and being bullied varied only slightly between 2000 and 2015. Bullying and being bullied were associated with socioeconomic adversities (low parental education, not living with both parents and parental unemployment in the past year). Unlike in the general population, the likelihoods of bullying and being bullied increased markedly among adolescents with most socioeconomic adversities. The increased socioeconomic differences in bullying involvement observed in this study add to the mounting evidence of polarization of adolescent health and well-being. Socioeconomic adversities should be considered in the prevention of bullying at school. In addition, socio-political measures are needed to decrease socioeconomic inequalities among Finnish adolescents.     

The global targeting of education and skill: policy history and comparative perspectives

This analysis covers the period from 1925 to 2016 in respect of constructing national and global goals and targets in education and training. Tensions between global and national approaches to target-setting are identified. Equally, the ownership of the global target discourse is discussed along with its contested relevance to both developed and developing economies. The process of constructing Sustainable Development Goal 4 (on Education) is laid out against a background of this essential history. The milestones in this process include national initiatives on education for all in India and China, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the UNESCO regional conferences on education, the world conferences on education in Jomtien, Dakar and Incheon, and the UN’s Open Working Group on Sustainable Development Goals. Across these and several other staging posts, the actual texts and framing of the goals and targets are subjected to critical review.     

新形势下高等学校英语教师职业发展研究——海南省高等学校英语教师职业状况调查及思考

问卷调查研究发现,海南省三所高等学校英语教师师资结构不甚合理、教师自我效能感较强,多媒体网络教学环境下同时面临新的困难与挑战,如工作量与科研任务、薪酬制度、人力资源的合理利用、学业提升和职业发展等。海南省高校教师应结合新形势下本地实际谋求自身发展。     

晚清汤溪鱼鳞图册的攒造、使用与传承

以往鱼鳞图册的研究,较少关注其制作、使用、传承的整个过程,以及在这个过程中档案形态及内容所产生的诸多变化,致使对文本缺乏全面的理解,甚至导致某些误读。通过对晚清汤溪鱼鳞图册攒造、使用、传承的研究,可以了解册籍跨越朝代的延续与使用实态,知晓档案的制作有时不是一次性完成的,即使版本相近,也可能并非同一时期攒造。鱼鳞图册使用与传承的过程,即是档案不断被整理、文本信息变更的过程。只有将文本信息准确分层,才能真正读懂鱼鳞图册档案,从而深入研究鱼鳞图册制度及土地管理制度的变迁。     

Upset among youth in response to questions about exposure to violence,sexual assault and family maltreatment

To assess whether youth are upset by being asked questions about sensitive kinds of abuse, victimization, family maltreatment, and sexual victimization in the course of standard epidemiological surveys. A national sample of youth aged 10–17 were interviewed on the telephone by experienced interviewers as part of the National Survey of Children Exposed to Violence. At the end they were asked whether answering questions had upset them. Of the youth interviewed, 4.5% reported being at all upset and 0.8% reported being pretty or a lot upset. However, only a minority of those upset, .3% of the total sample, said they would not participate again had they known about the content. But even in this group, the regret about participation was mostly due to the length of the survey, not the types of questions being asked. Thus, asking about exposure to abuse and sensitive kinds of victimization in standard interview surveys is associated with low levels of respondent upset due to the nature of the questions.