Patterns of Social Support Communicated in Response to Expressions of Uncertainty in an Online Community of Young Adults with Cancer

In order to develop more effective ways of helping adolescents and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors cope with cancer-related uncertainty, it is important to understand how AYAs respond communicatively to each other's uncertainty. We designed this project to gain insight into the patterns of social support that occur in response to AYAs' expressions of uncertainty. We analyzed 510 responses to posts in an AYA-focused online discussion group. Eighty-two percent of messages responding to uncertainty contained informational support. Sixty-seven percent contained multiple types of support. Among medical, personal, and social sources of uncertainty, the most typical response tended to be a combination of informational support accompanied by emotional and/or esteem support. AYAs who express uncertainty in online support groups should be advised that their posts are likely to be met with information, such as advice and referrals, which may either facilitate or impede their uncertainty management goals.     

Vitamin C in Disease Prevention and Cure: An Overview

The recognition of vitamin C is associated with a history of an unrelenting search for the cause of the ancient haemorrhagic disease scurvy. Isolated in 1928, vitamin C is essential for the development and maintenance of connective tissues. It plays an important role in bone formation, wound healing and the maintenance of healthy gums. Vitamin C plays an important role in a number of metabolic functions including the activation of the B vitamin, folic acid, the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids and the conversion of the amino acid, tryptophan, to the neurotransmitter, serotonin. It is an antioxidant that protects body from free radical damage. It is used as therapeutic agent in many diseases and disorders. Vitamin C protects the immune system, reduces the severity of allergic reactions and helps to fight off infections. However the significance and beneficial effect of vitamin C in respect to human disease such as cancer, atherosclerosis, diabetes, neurodegenerative disease and metal toxicity however remains equivocal. Thus further continuous uninterrupted efforts may open new vistas to understand its significance in disease management.     

Oxidatively Damaged DNA: A Possible Antigenic Stimulus for Cancer Autoantibodies

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are cytotoxic at higher concentration resulting in cell death, mutations, chromosomal aberrations or carcinogenesis. In this study DNA was modified by singlet oxygen and superoxide anion radicals generated by illumination of riboflavin under 365 nm UV-light. The modified DNA induced high titre antibodies in experimental animals. In enzyme immunoassay, serum antibodies from cancer patients (n = 34) showed a higher recognition of the modified DNA, as compared to the native form. This was further confirmed by the gel-shift assay. Immune IgG were used as a probe to detect oxidative lesions in the DNA of cancer patients. DNA isolated from lymphocytes of cancer patients proved to be an appreciable inhibitor of the experimentally induced antibodies against the ROS-DNA. This indicates the presence of oxidative lesions in the DNA obtained from cancer patients. The results show that ROS induced oxidative damage to DNA in cancer patients generate neo-epitopes that are alien for the immune system, resulting in autoantibody formation.     

Roles and molecular mechanisms of physical exercise in cancer prevention and treatment

Exercise can enhance motivation to change lifestyle behaviors, improve aerobic fitness, improve physical function, control fatigue, and enhance quality of life. Studies have demonstrated the benefits to be gained from physical exercise, highlighting the importance of popularizing the concept of physical exercise for individuals and making professional exercise-treatment programs available to patients with cancer. However, the correlation between physical exercise and carcinogenesis is easily overlooked, and exercise interventions are not routinely provided to patients with cancer, especially those with advanced cancer. In this article, we present a literature review of the effects of exercise on cancer development and progression and give recent evidence for the type of exercise best suited for different types of cancer and in different disease stages. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms about regulating metabolism and systemic immune function in cancer are summarized and discussed. In conclusion, physical exercise should be considered as an important intervention for preventing and treating cancer and its complications.     

细胞质lncRNAs与肿瘤信号调控（英文）

恶性肿瘤疾病长期作为危害人类健康的重要隐患,目前针对重要信号调控通路的一系列靶向抑制剂在临床后期业已出现耐药现象,迫切要求人们在肿瘤生物学研究和靶向治疗方向不断寻找新的可替代性靶点。长链非编码RNAs(lnc RNAs)作为最新关注的研究热点,其在肿瘤发生和转移中的重要调节功能不断被我们及相关学者重点报道。随着RNA通量深度测序等相关研究技术的推广和发展,使人们得以饱览赏析lnc RNAs作为健康和疾病重要调节因子的宏观图谱。本综述总结了胞质lnc RNAs在调节肿瘤重要信号通路中的研究进展及其在肿瘤发生发展中的作用,为癌症的预前预后和靶向治疗提供帮助。     

E-cadherin在涎腺粘液表皮样癌的表达及其与浸润转移的关系

目的:细胞粘附功能下降是恶性肿瘤发展的关键因素,为探讨E-cadherin在涎腺粘液表皮样癌发病机制中的作用,我们研究了E-cadherin在涎腺粘液表皮样癌的表达情况,并分析其与临床病理特征的关系。方法:采用免疫组织化学S-P法对46例涎腺粘液表皮样癌进行E-cadherin的检测。结果:E-cadherin在涎腺粘液表皮样癌中的表达强弱与癌组织的分化程度及淋巴结转移有关(P<0.05),而与患者的性别、年龄无关(P>0.05)。结论:E-cadherin表达与涎腺粘液表皮样癌的浸润转移有关,可作为一种新的肿瘤标志物,其表达对判断预后有一定的价值。     

淋巴血管在肿瘤转移和免疫生物学中的作用（英文）

淋巴系统被认为是肿瘤转移的重要途径之一,所以通常情况下肿瘤引起的淋巴血管增生会降低肿瘤预后,治疗上也建议淋巴清扫。但是最新的研究显示,淋巴系统可能对肿瘤免疫治疗有促进作用。这篇综述的主要目的是对相关领域做一个简短总结,以期待将来有更多的研究来关注淋巴系统对肿瘤治疗的影响。文章首先介绍肿瘤淋巴血管增生和淋巴转移的分子机制,然后介绍淋巴系统在肿瘤免疫中的作用,最后利用最新研究来证明淋巴系统有增强肿瘤免疫治疗的作用。     

Vascular architecture:is it a helpful histopathological biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma?

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) remains one of the major public health problems throughout the world.Although originally associated with tumorigenic processes,liver angiogenesis has also been observed in the context of different liver in-flammatory,fibrotic,and ischemic conditions.Here we investigate the fractal dimension as a quantitator of non-Euclidean two-dimensional vascular geometry in a series of paired specimens of primary HCC and surrounding non-tumoral tissue,and discuss why this parameter might provide additional information regarding cancer behavior.The application of fractal geometry to the measurement of liver vascularity and the availability of a computer-aided quantitative method can eliminate errors in visual interpretation,and make it possible to obtain closer-to-reality numerals that are compulsory for any measurement process.     

有氧运动对癌症患者康复作用的研究现状

在文献资料研究的基础上,从生理心理等角度综述了有氧运动对癌症患者康复的作用,阐述了有氧运动对于防止癌症发生,抑制肿瘤细胞生长有积极作用,并能帮助癌症患者减少癌症不适症状和并发症,维持和提高生理功能,改善体脂、体重指数和机能代谢,增强机体免疫功能,从而使癌症患者改善心理状态,恢复职业和社交活动能力,提高生存机率和生活质量。结果提示有氧运动可以成功地帮助众多不同阶段和不同性质种类的癌症患者进行安全有效的康复治疗。     

Induced pluripotent stem cell-related genes influence biological behavior and 5-fluorouracil sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells

Objective  

We aimed to perform a preliminary study of the association between induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS)-related genes and biological behavior of human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, and the potential for developing anti-cancer drugs targeting these genes.