BCRP与P-gP在乳腺癌组织中的表达及其意义

目的探讨乳腺癌耐药蛋白与P—gP在乳腺癌组织中的表达特点,及与淋巴结转移的关系。方法采用免疫组化的方法检测P-gp与乳腺癌耐药蛋白在乳腺癌组织中以及正常乳腺组织中的表达情况,并探讨其表达与淋巴结转移的关系。结果BCRP与P-gp在乳腺癌组织中的阳性表达率均明显高于正常乳腺组织（P〈0．01）。在伴有淋巴结转移的乳腺癌组织中BCRP与P-gP的阳性表达率均较不伴有淋巴结转移者为高（P〈0．05）。结论P-gp与BCRP均在乳腺癌组织中有一定程度的表达,且与有无淋巴结转移有关,二者的存在可能与乳腺癌化疗的多药耐药机制有关。     

乳腺癌治疗过程中护理人文关怀的效果观察

目的：探讨在乳腺癌患者治疗过程中采用护理人文关怀后的积极效果。方法：对我科100例乳腺癌患者采取护理人文关怀,分析、对比患者的满意度和生存质量。结果：出院时患者满意度调查表中,95%的患者对护理人员的评价中为满意,80%认为治疗过程是愉快的,96%的患者表示将积极面对生活并完成乳腺癌的各种后期治疗,在病人对科室满意度调查中发现高于对医院满意度调查的平均水平。结论：护理人文关怀对于乳腺癌患者的治疗和康复具有积极意义,效果满意。     

HDAC4在乳腺癌中的表达及临床病理学意义

目的：研究乳腺癌中HDC4基因蛋白的表达及其临床病理学意义。方法：实验共选取91例乳腺组织的存档蜡块标本,其中包括46例乳腺癌、26例导管内原位癌（DCIS）以及19例正常宫颈上皮组织。应用免疫组织化学（SP法）检测HDC4蛋白在上述组织中的表达,并分析其蛋白检测的临床病理学意义。结果：与正常乳腺组织（15.8%,3/19）相比,HDC4蛋白在DCIS和乳腺癌组织中表达率明显增高,分别达46.2%(12/26)和71.7%(33/46),强阳性表达率在DCIS和乳腺癌组织中分别达19.2%（5/26）和45.6%（21/46）,也明显高于正常乳腺组织,差异显著（p<0.01）。结论：HDC4蛋白表达可作为女性乳腺癌及原位癌DCIS的病理辅助诊断指标之一,可能有助于乳腺癌的诊断及预后评估。     

克服初学游泳大学生恐惧心理的教学方法

从大学生初学游泳恐惧心理的形成原因及具体表现入手，探讨如何克服学员恐惧心理。通过长期的游泳教学实践，总结了快乐教学、游戏教学、心理教学等优化教学法，有利于提高游泳教学质量。     

When Your Breasts Might Not Work: Anticipatory Guidance for Health-Care Professionals

There are many factors that can negatively impact a mother developing a copious milk supply and being able to exclusively breastfeed her infant. In this article, we present two case exemplars (glandular hypoplasia and breast reduction surgery) to illustrate that not all mothers may be able to develop a full milk supply, and that families should receive appropriate prenatal anticipatory education and guidance from childbirth educators and all health-care providers. Important considerations include the value of every drop of milk that the mother is able to produce, treating the milk as an important medical intervention, and developing a plan with the family for supplementation so the infant can receive adequate intake for growth.     

Traditional Chinese medicines and their active ingredients sensitize cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis

The rapidly developing resistance of cancers to chemotherapy agents and the severe cytotoxicity of such agents to normal cells are major stumbling blocks in current cancer treatments.Most current chemotherapy agents have significant cytotoxicity,which leads to devastating adverse effects and results in a substandard quality of life,including increased daily morbidity and premature mortality.The death receptor of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand(TRAIL)can sidestep p53-dependent pathways to induce tumor cell apoptosis without damaging most normal cells.However,various cancer cells can develop resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis via different pathways.Therefore,it is critical to find an efficient TRAIL sensitizer to reverse the resistance of tumor cells to TRAIL,and to reinforce TRAIL’s ability to induce tumor cell apoptosis.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicines and their active ingredients have shown great potential to trigger apoptotic cell death in TRAIL-resistant cancer cell lines.This review aims to collate information about Chinese medicines that can effectively reverse the resistance of tumor cells to TRAIL and enhance TRAIL’s ability to induce apoptosis.We explore the therapeutic potential of TRAIL and provide new ideas for the development of TRAIL therapy and the generation of new anticancer drugs for human cancer treatment.This study involved an extensive review of studies obtained from literature searches of electronic databases such as Google Scholar and PubMed."TRAIL sensitize"and"Chinese medicine"were the search keywords.We then isolated newly published studies on the mechanisms of TRAIL-induced apoptosis.The name of each plant was validated using certified databases such as The Plant List.This study indicates that TRAIL can be combined with different Chinese medicine components through intrinsic or extrinsic pathways to promote cancer cell apoptosis.It also demonstrates that the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines enhance the sensitivity of cancer cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis.This provides useful information regarding traditional Chinese medicine treatment,the development of TRAIL-based therapies,and the treatment of cancer.     

Tumor marker requests in a general teaching Turkish hospital

Serum tumor markers may be requested inappropriately by clinicians. In this retrospective study, we aimed to investigate the appropriateness of TM requests in our hospital. Patients in the study were identified from the TM requests for 3 months between June–August 2004, using the laboratory database. A total of 2249 patients (1351 men, 898 women) were included in the study and there were 6570 TM requests. The number of requests were 1050 (16%) for Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9, 993 (15.1%) for Cancer Antigen 125, 941 (14.3%) for Prostate Specific Antigen, 921 (14%) for free PSA, 925 (14.1%) for Cancer Antigen 15-3, 788 (12%) for Alphafetoprotein, 730 (11.1%) for Carcinoembryonic Antigen and 222 (3.4%) for AFP/Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin. Our findings support the idea that for the evidence-based use of TM requests the education of clinical staff is required. Clear clinical guidelines including recommendations about the appropriate use of TM can be useful for this education process. Careful audit studies are also useful to determine the impact of these guidelines on the practice of evidence-based laboratory medicine.     

乳腺癌的早期诊断的体会

目的探讨乳腺癌的早期诊断方法。方法40岁以上、直径2cm以下乳房纤维瘤行手术切除活检；触不到肿块的乳头血性溢液行导管切除活检；40岁以上乳房囊性增生病行区段切除活检；不明原因的腋下肿大的淋巴结切除活检。结果乳房纤维瘤6．8％为早期癌；乳头血性溢液58.3％(7／12)为乳头状瘤；乳房囊性增生病10.3％为早期癌；不明原因的腋下肿大的淋巴结60．0％(3／5)为早期癌。结论对40岁以上乳房纤维瘤行切除活检；对触不到肿块的乳头溢液行导管切除活检；对40岁以上乳房囊性增生病行区段切除活检；对不明原因的腋下肿大的淋巴结切除活检可早期诊断乳腺癌。     

超声联合双光扫描对乳腺癌诊断价值的评价

目的：评价超声联合双光扫描检查对乳腺癌诊断价值;方法：将术前经超声联合双光扫描诊断的乳腺癌与术后病理对照分析;结果：超声对乳腺癌诊断的准确率为81．25％,双光扫描为68．75％。两者联合的准确率为93．75％;结论：超声联合双光扫描可以提高对乳腺癌的诊断率,两者联合可将乳腺癌的误诊率进一步降低。     

Differential erythrocyte agglutination pattern in normal and cancer patients with Synadenium grantii root (Hook f) lectin

In the present study the property of lectin agglutination in blood on normal and different cancer patients has been observed. The purifiedSynadenium grantii root lectin was non blood group specific and its utility as a diagnostic tool in malignancy was studied. Hemagglutination (units/ml) of red blood cells of different types of cancer was compared with the normal control's red blood cells. Out of 113 total cancer patients, only a group of 29 breast cancer patients showed significant increase in titre value (P<0.05) compared to normal control.