Review：Proteomic technology for biomarker profiling in cancer： an update

CANCER BIOMARKERS: CURRENT STATUS Despite advances in diagnostic imaging technol-ogy, surgical management, and therapeutic modalities,cancer remains a major cause of mortality worldwide.Currently, it is estimated that cancer kills over 6 mill-ion people per year worldwide, with over 10 millionnew cases being diagnosed every year. Mortality ismainly attributed to dissemination of primary cancerto distant organs, on which no effective treatment isavailable. The dilemma in oncology p…     

Information requirements of cancer center researchers focusing on human biological samples and associated data

This study was undertaken to characterize the information requirements of cancer researchers who were specifically interested in human biological specimens at a comprehensive cancer center, and to determine if existing information systems could meet those needs. Information required by the cancer center researchers at the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute (UPCI, Pittsburgh, PA) was identified through interviews, query analysis, and analysis of publications. For topical matters, the study found that the most frequent types of questions were the following: clinical (50.18%), prognosis (17.87%), diagnosis/disorder-based (50.72%), and research-oriented (51.9%) queries. In terms of the required data elements, pathology data (17.32%) was the most frequently required, followed by clinical history and outcomes (15.18%). In addition, the study identified the 10 main questions, concerning human biological samples, and the majority of the questions were represented in a fairly discrete set of information spaces that could be well mapped into the conceptual data model created through the study. The results found in this study can be used for an initial data modeling, when creating a biomedical research data warehouse that would support the majority of the transitional research requirements of the UPCI.     

Mothers,Sons and Testicular Cancer: An Exploratory Investigation of Health Communication

This study highlights the importance of parent-child communication of sensitive health-related issues, specifically the importance of cancer prevention discussions. For females, communication about breast cancer has been desensitized; yet, testicular cancer is not being discussed among males, even though it is highly curable when caught early. Testicular cancer primarily impacts males ages 15–40, so introducing the conversation early is important. In this exploratory study, mothers (N = 22) participated in three focus group discussions and described communication with their sons about general health issues and testicular cancer. While the mothers discussed a number of health issues with their sons, they did not mention testicular cancer and believed their sons knew very little about testicular cancer. Mothers' communication about testicular cancer with their sons was characterized by uncertainty and ambiguity. Findings from this study shed light on how little mothers know about testicular cancer as well as the need for comprehensive testicular cancer campaigns that target intervening publics.     

微波近场成像法在乳腺癌检测中的应用

介绍了乳腺癌微波近场成像方法的优越性及原理，给出了早期乳腺癌微波检测中的时域波束形成模型和嵌入式波束形成器的模块结构。     

基于PLAXIS的深基坑支护的有限元分析

深基坑开挖支护作为岩土工程的一项基本课题,一直以来是研究的热点和难点.以重庆市沙坪坝区某一工程为研究对象,通过有限元分析软件PLAXIS对深基坑的开挖、支护全过程进行模拟分析,研究支护结构的内力变形情况.发现其水平位移、竖向位移均满足设计要求;发现支护结构弯矩剪应力均发生在其中部位置.     

Resisting “national breast cancer awareness month”: the rhetoric of counterpublics and their cultural performances

Since 1984, October has been recognized in the U.S. as National Breast Cancer Awareness Month. In 1997, the Toxic Links Coalition of the Bay Area, California, began organizing annual “Stop Cancer Where It Starts” tours to counter attempts to obscure the environmentally-linked causes of cancer. By drawing on research including participant observation, this essay analyzes the politics of these two publics in an attempt to illustrate the limits of a binary conceptualization of publics and counterpublics and to emphasize the rhetorical value of the cultural performances that constitute public life.     

Glycoprotein components in the serum of patients with cancer breast

The levels of total sialic acid, lipid bound sialic acid and fucose were estimated in the sera of patients with benign and malignant tumours of breast. An increase was noted in all the three parameters, with a more marked increase in malignancy, when compared with benign and controls. Consequent to surgery, there was an elevation in the serum levels of the above parameters than the values prior to surgery and a decline was noted two months after surgery although none of the values reached the normal range. These results suggest a close association of the glycoproteins with the tumour burden and further signify their role in early detection and staging of cancer breast.     

Colorectal cancer screening and adverse childhood experiences: Which adversities matter?

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) have been associated with an increased risk of a variety of diseases, including cancer. However, research has not paid enough attention to the association between ACEs and cancer screening. As such, the present study examined the association between ACEs and ever using colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, among adults age 50 and over. Analyses used the 2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (n = 24,938) to model odds of ever engaging in CRC screening from nine different adversities. Bivariate and multivariate models were fit. In bivariate models, physical abuse, having parents that were divorced or separated, and living in a household where adults treated each other violently were associated with lower odds of engaging in CRC. In multivariate models that accounted for potential confounders, emotional and sexual abuse were each associated with higher odds of engaging in CRC. Results suggest potential pathways by which early childhood experiences can impact future health behaviors. Future research should examine this association longitudinally.     

UFCI基因在乳腺细胞系中的表达分析

泛素结合酶UFC1是一个新鉴定的类似泛素结合酶E2的基因。目前,对UFC1的功能研究报道还比较少,有待更进一步的研究和探讨。采用半定量RT-PCR技术分别检测一系列的乳腺细胞系MCF7、HBL100、MDA-MB231和MDA-MB-453中UFC1基因的转录水平,结果显示,在正常的HBL100乳腺细胞系中的表达最高,而在乳腺癌细胞系MCF7,MDA-MB231,MDA-MB-453中的表达明显降低。UFC1在乳腺细胞系中的差异表达的结果为将UFC1作为新的靶分子引入乳腺癌的临床预防和治疗提供实验依据。     

Autophagy and cancer treatment: four functional forms of autophagy and their therapeutic applications

Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. Drugs play a pivotal role in cancer treatment, but the complex biological processes of cancer cells seriously limit the efficacy of various anticancer drugs. Autophagy, a self-degradative system that maintains cellular homeostasis, universally operates under normal and stress conditions in cancer cells. The roles of autophagy in cancer treatment are still controversial because both stimulation and inhibition of autophagy have been reported to enhance the effects of anticancer drugs. Thus, the important question arises as to whether we should try to strengthen or suppress autophagy during cancer therapy. Currently, autophagy can be divided into four main forms according to its different functions during cancer treatment: cytoprotective (cell survival), cytotoxic (cell death), cytostatic (growth arrest), and nonprotective (no contribution to cell death or survival). In addition, various cell death modes, such as apoptosis, necrosis, ferroptosis, senescence, and mitotic catastrophe, all contribute to the anticancer effects of drugs. The interaction between autophagy and these cell death modes is complex and can lead to anticancer drugs having different or even completely opposite effects on treatment. Therefore, it is important to understand the underlying contexts in which autophagy inhibition or activation will be beneficial or detrimental. That is, appropriate therapeutic strategies should be adopted in light of the different functions of autophagy. This review provides an overview of recent insights into the evolving relationship between autophagy and cancer treatment.