射极电阻对容抗管性能之影响

本文从理论上分析了射极交流电阻对容抗管性能的影响．并指出可用改变射极交流电阻的办法来实现直接调频．     

Learning and Innovation Competence in Agricultural and Rural Development

Abstract

Purpose: The fields of competence development and capacity development remain isolated in the scholarship of learning and innovation despite the contemporary focus on innovation systems thinking in agricultural and rural development. This article aims to address whether and how crossing the conventional boundaries of these two fields provide new directions for developing learning and innovation competence in international development.

Design/methodology/approach: Using mixed methods research, this article assesses work environments for experiential learning and innovation, and investigates effective ways of enhancing core competence in agricultural research, education, extension and entrepreneurship.

Findings: Findings suggest that while the focus on input and output indicators are relevant for technological innovation competence development, outcome indicators, such as measures of changes in cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains of learning and innovation, would better serve the purpose of developing organisational and institutional learning and innovation competence.

Practical implications: This research concludes that crossing the conventional boundaries of competence development and capacity development serves as a way to renew the role of education within the innovation systems thinking. However, such an attempt to enhance human capabilities and functionings through education should integrate theory-based, competence-based and experiential learning components as a coherent whole.

Originality/value: This article demonstrates the value of crossing the conventional boundaries of the two seemingly unrelated fields—competence development through education and capacity development through extension—to provide new directions to operationalise innovation systems thinking in agricultural education and extension.     

Incidental Affect and Message Processing: Revisiting the Competing Hypotheses

Using six television public service announcements (PSAs) and with a 3 (message topic) × 4 (frame combination) × 2 (messages) mixed design (N = 270), this study explores the impact of incidental affect on message processing in a broader horizon that incorporates operationalization of depth of message processing and how incidental affect is conceptualized and induced. Results showed that (a) there was no significant main effect of incidental affect on message processing in support of the cognitive capacity or affect as information explanations, and (b) there were significant simple main effects of incidental affect on message processing, but such an effect was consistent with the affect as resource explanation, rather than the hedonic contingency model. Implications and direction for future studies were discussed.     

基于熵值法的矿业城市可持续发展研究——以陕西省铜川市为例

以陕西省铜川市为研究对象,以城市的性质为依据,结合我国城市发展的现状,设定了矿业城市可持续发展的评价指标体系,采用熵值法计算各指标的权重值,计算了铜川市1996-2005年的城市可持续发展能力,结果表明铜川市的可持续发展能力在不断地提高．并运用SPSS软件进行相关分析发现：经济的可持续发展是建设区域可持发展的关键,环境可持续发展是基础,社会可持续发展是保证．因此发展经济、优化产业结构、保护环境、实现由资源型城市向综合性城市的转变是实现矿业城市可持续发展的有效途径．     

基于无功补偿优化算法的农村中压配电网研究

针对农村中压配电网无功损失较为严重的现象,研究了农村中压电网无功补偿优化问题,寻找满足电压质量要求和线损最小条件下农村中压电网无功补偿装置的最佳安装位置和最佳补偿容量。在研究农村中压电网结构特点的基础上,提出了简便、有效的优化算法。算法以无功补偿的最佳位置和最佳容量为目标,考虑了网损最小、电压质量和综合经济性等多目标优化约束条件。     

建立“能力目标型”教学模式 突出专科特色和专业特色

根据我校工业电气自动化技术专业的产学合作教育改革试点方案,探讨了社会人才结构对高工专教育所提出的特殊要求,“能力目标型”教学模式的特点、内涵及其在培养高等工程技术应用性人才方面的作用和如何与人才培养目标相适应,以突出专科特色等问题。     

布达拉宫旅游容量的再思考

近年来随着进藏旅游人数的增多,布达拉宫作为西藏旅游的必游景点之一面临的压力和问题日益突出。文章在回顾以往对布达拉宫旅游容量的研究、梳理其历史文化和旅游价值的同时,分析了布达拉宫旅游与开发面临的矛盾,最后提出相应的解决方案,以期能更好地缓解布达拉宫的接待压力,满足游客需求。     

The Many Turnings of Agricultural Extension in Australia

Abstract

Purpose: This article outlines the development of extension as a discipline in Australia, its organization, and the ideological changes that have occurred from the second half of the nineteenth century through to the present.

Design/Methodology/Approach: It considers the evolution of extension across the different states of Australia from a national perspective and describes how the research development and extension (RD&E) complex has rotated through cycles of crises, highs, awakenings in thought and practice, and periods where achievements and institutions unravel.

Findings: Discussed is the tension between public and private sector extension, as well as the successes and failures of various paradigms. It considers the impacts of different agricultural policy on Australian agricultural RD&E across the decades. In particular it deals with the current ‘unravelling’ of the agricultural RD&E system in Australia, and tries to anticipate future demands on agricultural extension and how these services might be delivered into the future.

Practical Implications: The article challenges the reader to consider the discipline of extension as a subset of the greater society in which it exists. It provides an insight into how the agricultural research, development and extension capacity of a nation can be observed to ebb and flow over generations in accord with the rhythm of society.

Originality/Value: The article presents a perspective that has not been fully captured or understood until now.     

Factors Affecting Performance of Agricultural Extension: Evidence from Democratic Republic of Congo

Purpose: As part of the institutional reforms and agricultural restructuring in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), this paper provides an assessment of the performance of the agricultural extension system as well as factors explaining it.

Method: This paper involves key informants’ interviews and surveys of 107 extension organizations and 162 extension agents in randomly selected 156 villages, analyzed using qualitative and logistic regression methods.

Findings and Practical Implications: Results show that despite having one of the highest extension agent-to-farmer ratio and a pluralistic extension system, DRC fails to deliver knowledge and technologies to rural areas due to lack of coordination, no unified and clear policy and mandate, lack of funding, aging and low competencies of agents, and lack of mobility and interactions of agents with key actors. This paper complements findings by other studies that number of agents is not a sufficient indication of performance, but an effective system needs to focus on the enabling environment for agents to be motivated to work as mandated. In this paper, enabling conditions that are found to be statistically significant are external funding, enforcement of performance targets, systems of rewards and sanctions, mobility to foster linkages, and skills development.

Originality: This paper contributes by: (1) analyzing a cross-section of various organizations and agents to identify factors that explain variations in performance in a statistical and systematic approach; (2) providing insights on how to prioritize investments and options for a fragile state like DRC, with weak infrastructure and institutional capacity and with a long history of neglect for their national extension system; and (3) illustrating how a rich and well-cited conceptual framework can be implemented empirically to provide policy options for a country like DRC.     

WTO框架下提升地方政府财政能力的NPM途径

2001年11月中国成功加入WTO，数年内财政能力特别是地方财政能力面临严峻挑战，财政困难是各国融入经济全球化洪流的通病，而各国开出的治病良方就是新公共管理（NPM）。本力图借鉴NPM的理论与实务，结合地方政府财政基本理论，构建提升我国地方政府财政能力的NPM途径。