Cultural capital and the place of sport

It is not unusual now to talk about the culture of the body, or to see routine and organized physical activity, as well as sport, as part and parcel of cultural life. In recent decades body management techniques have become a very conspicuous aspect of self-presentation and have been served by the expansion of the supply of commercial services to deal with diet and health, physical training and cosmetic improvement to appearances. The professionalization and commercialization of sport have also accelerated. Bourdieu interpreted measures for body management and maintenance in terms of the accumulation and display of cultural capital. He distinguished three types of cultural capital: institutionalized, objectified and embodied. This article considers some of the elements of the very complex and extensive property, embodied cultural capital. The Cultural Capital and Social Exclusion (CCSE) survey included questions on sporting activity, sports spectatorship and physical exercise routines, important elements in the mosaic of contemporary cultural activities. This article teases out the patterns of participation and taste in this area, examining differentiation by class, gender, education, ethnic and age groups in particular. While showing that all these factors matter, gender is the most important source of differentiation, though this is more the case for sport than for exercise per se. In addition, it is shown that educational qualification is particularly important in predicting participation in exercise, whereas occupational class makes more difference to the choice of sport, whether playing or watching.     

人力资本理论对继续教育投资倾向的影响

纵观世界发展史,劳动力一直是经济学关注的生产要素,但近半个世纪以来劳动力才作为人力资本来系统地加以研究。人力资本理论从古典经济学中萌芽,经过马克思主义经济学和新古典经济增长理论的理论准备,最终促成舒尔茨从宏观层次研究并建立了人力资本理论。此后,贝克尔等人从中观层次做了大量的实证研究,而现代劳动经济学则更关心微观层次的实证研究,为继续教育的理性投资提供了更加科学的依据。     

农户养老保险参保水平选择的影响因素研究——对成都市农户的抽样调查分析

“新农保”制度全覆盖之后,面临着“人员全覆盖”的挑战,而缴费水平和档次的设置是影响农户参保行为的重要因素。目前,大多数参保农民都选择最低缴费档次,反映出政策预期与实际情况存在差异。对成都市农户的抽样调查分析表明：养老保险需求、预期保障收益以及缴费能力是决定参保农户选择缴费档次的关键因素;当前大多数农户倾向于选择最低的缴费档次,主要由于农户对养老保险制度的预期收益较低和缴费补贴激励不足,而年龄、教育、健康、家庭抚养比以及经济收入状况等因素不同程度地影响着农户的参保意愿和参保水平的选择。因此,农村养老保险制度的改革,应该进一步优化缴费档次设置,更加重视群体特征差异,并在保证公平性的基础上适当提高补贴标准。     

突破性创新团队智力资本评价体系的理论构建与实证检验

团队智力资本是智力资本研究的一个重要而又相对薄弱的分支,迄今为止关于创新团队(特别是突破性创新团队)智力资本测评的研究文献屈指可数。在文献回顾的基础上,本文界定了突破性创新团队智力资本的概念,基于前人相关研究成果和前期定性访谈结果确定了其量表的构成维度以及各维度的测量指标(题项),即完成了突破性创新团队智力资本量表的理论建构,进而对该量表的信度与效度(包括内部一致性、收敛效度、区别效度和律则效度)进行了实证检验,并最终开发出具有较高信度和效度的突破性创新团队智力资本量表。研究结果表明,突破性创新团队智力资本量表由3个维度(团队人力资本、团队关系资本和团队结构资本)和14个测量指标构成。     

Limitations on the human capital transferability of adult migrants in Spain: Incentive or barrier for a new investment in education?

Many empirical studies on immigrant integration document the benefits of an education acquired in the country of destination. In this article; we study how the degree of human capital transferability affects an immigrant's chances of studying in Spain. We used data from the Spanish Labour Force Survey (2008–2015) for a sample of adults aged 18–55 who had left the educational system. The main findings show that natives are the ethnic group with the highest likelihood of re-enrolling in education. Amongst immigrants, those with fewer limitations on human capital transferability also invest more. These results question the predictions of the Immigrant Human Capital Investment model which expect that immigrants whose human capital depreciates upon arrival and those who can obtain a higher return on a new investment in education are therefore more likely to study. Moreover, the effect of skill transferability differs depending on the type of obstacle and the kind of education. Immigrants with less linguistic and cultural familiarity with the host country are less likely to undertake non-formal education than formal education. However, when the transferability obstacles are related to administrative requirements and legal restrictions, the probability of investing in non-formal education is higher. We conclude that immigrants with low skill transferability are not only less well integrated in the labour market upon arrival, but are also less able to redress that disadvantage through a new investment in education.     

养老保险个人账户"空账"现象思考

目前我国实行的统账结合的养老保险制度中,个人账户空账现象严重,而转制成本是产生空账问题的根源。政府应发挥积极的主导作用。通过发展经济,增加社会保障财政支出,变现部分国有资产等措施来完成个人账户空账向实账转变。     

中、美风险投资退出机制的对比分析及对我国的启示

风险投资的退出机制是风险投资的关键。本文在对比分析中、美两国的风险投资退出机制的基础上,结合我国风险投资退出机制存在的问题,提出了完善我国风险投资退出机制的对策。     

社会转型时期我国农民养老保险制度设计

我国现行农保覆盖面小、保障水平低、资金筹措难、基金运营模式单一、制度不稳定,有必要建立强制投保与引导自愿投保相结合,农保与城镇职工养老保险相衔接,农保与家庭养老、土地保障及商业保险相配合的农保制度,实行社会统筹与个人账户相结合的农保模式,将农保费的收缴委托给税务部门完成。在农保基金运营上引入信托投资、开展协议存款和委托贷款、允许投资组合和质押贷款,使之保值增值。由社会保障机构委托商业银行向60岁以上的农民发放养老金。     

新农村建设的社会资本路径探析

社会资本意指普通公民的民间参与网络,以及体现在这种约定中的公共精神、社会舆论和互惠规范,它通常被理解成结构型和认知型源泉之间的某种组合。结构型社会资本和认知型社会资本通过不同的作用机制推动新农村建设的进程。乡村社会资本因其公共物品性面临供给和投资不足的困境,乡镇政府应当承担起投资乡村社会资本的责任。     

农村养老的深层思考

社会主义改革使农村养老的经济基础、养老主体、养老道德规范、养老内容和养老价值观念发生巨大变化。解决我国农村养老问题,不能借鉴西方养老模式,而是要适应当前中国国情,以人为本,树立现代养老理念;弘扬优秀的传统道德,发挥亲情在养老中的作用;加快和深化农村社会改革,建立和完善农村养老的制度与机制;积极推进"三化"进程,推进社会主义新农村建设,奠定养老的物质基础。