茶与人体健康：茶叶活性组分的生物医学效应和当前关注的若干问题

饮茶有益于健康的观念在我国已沿传多个世纪,并在很大程度上为全世界所接受。本文简述了茶叶的药用历史以及从中国传播到世界各地的历史进程,重点对国内外关于饮茶预防癌症、代谢综合症、心血管疾病以及神经退行性疾病等人体重要疾病的最新研究成果进行了综述。在此基础上,针对当前在动物实验和人体流行病学调查结果上存在差异的原因,特别是对茶叶中儿茶素类化合物在人体组织中生物可利用度低的问题、高剂量绿茶提取物对人体可能存在毒性等安全性问题进行了讨论。此外,还介绍了近几年在提高儿茶素类化合物生物可利用度和对癌症的预防和治疗效果上的最新进展。     

Body mass index, waist circumference, and cardiometabolic risk factors in young and middle-aged Chinese women

Objective: To assess the associations between body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and cardiometabolic risk factors in young and middle-aged Chinese women. Methods: A total of 3011 women (1938 young women, 1073 middle-aged women), who visited our health care center for a related health checkup, were eligible for study. BMI and WC were measured. The subjects were divided into normal and overweight/obesity groups based on BMI, and normal and abdominal obesity groups based on WC. Cardiometabolic variables included triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting blood glucose (FBG), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and blood pressure (BP). Results: The prevalence of overweight/obesity was significantly higher in middle-aged women (32.4%) than in young women (12.0%). The prevalence of abdominal obesity was also higher in middle-aged women (60.3%) than in young women (36.2%). There were significant differences in the comparison of all related cardiometabolic variables between different BMI (or WC) categories in young and middle- aged women groups, respectively. After adjustment for age, partial correlation analysis indicated that both BMI and WC were correlated significantly with all related cardiometabolic variables. After adjustment for age and WC, although the correlation coefficient r′was attenuated, BMI was still correlated significantly with all related cardiometabolic variables in young and middle-aged women. After adjustment for age and BMI, partial correlation analysis showed that WC was correlated significantly with TG, FBG, HOMA-IR, and HDL-C in young women and significantly with TG, HOMA-IR, and HDL-C in middle-aged women. Conclusions: The prevalence of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity was high in Chinese young and middle-aged women. BMI was a better predictor of cardiovascular disease and diabetes than WC in young and middle-aged women, and moreover, measurement of both WC and BMI may be a better predictor of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus than BMI or WC alone.     

科技时代与科层社会——从《杜拉拉升职记》看现代人的生存方式

影片通过讲述杜拉拉的升职过程,展现了现代人的科技生活和科层生活。在现代科学和理性精神主导下,人类社会不断进步;以科层制为代表的社会组织形式和科学技术的广泛应用,带来了更高的工作效率和更舒适的生活享受。但在享受这种现代化生活的同时,不能忽视现代人为此付出的代价,过度追求效率和理性、将人视为无生命的机器,都会使现代人异化为发展的囚徒。在体验影片男女主人公职场生活的同时,我们必须认真思考现代人的生存、发展模式,只有这样,人类才能在现代化的道路上走得更远。     

预防慢性疾病发生、发展的最佳身体活动负荷研究综述

从身体活动对慢性疾病预防和控制功效的视角,从身体活动对不同年龄群体的生理退化速率、死亡率、疾病发生率、心血管疾病、糖尿病、癌症、骨质疏松症、心理健康的影响等方面对国外相关研究进行梳理,对国外身体活动负荷标准的研究进行归纳,重点分类归纳了预防慢性疾病发生的成年人(18～65岁)、老年人(65岁以上)和已患慢性疾病群体控制疾病发展的不同群体间身体活动的适宜负荷方式和剂量,对身体活动与慢性疾病的研究做出了展望。     

Reference values for the incremental shuttle walk test in patients with cardiovascular disease entering exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation

The incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) is used to assess functional capacity of patients entering cardiac rehabilitation. Factors such as age and sex account for a proportion of the variance in test performance in healthy individuals but there are no reference values for patients with cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to produce reference values for the ISWT. Participants were n = 548 patients referred to outpatient cardiac rehabilitation who underwent a clinical examination and performed the ISWT. We used regression to identify predictors of performance and produced centile values using the generalised additive model for location, scale and shape model. Men walked significantly further than women (395 ± 165 vs. 269 ± 118 m; t = 9.5, P < 0.001) so data were analysed separately by sex. Age (years) was the strongest predictor of performance in men (β = ?5.9; 95% CI: ?7.1 to ?4.6 m) and women (β = ?4.8; 95% CI: ?6.3 to 3.3). Centile curves demonstrated a broadly linear decrease in expected ISWT values in males (25–85 years) and a more curvilinear trend in females. Patients entering cardiac rehabilitation present with highly heterogeneous ISWT values. Much of the variance in performance can be explained by patients’ age and sex. Comparing absolute values with age-and sex-specific reference values may aid interpretation of ISWT performance during initial patient assessment at entry to cardiac rehabilitation.     

针对疾病的制药行业现状俯瞰与未来预测

AMED( 日本版NIH) 及其制药企业,政策制定·战略规划需要佐证。为此,本研究尝试基于新的指标体系进行制药行业的现状俯瞰与未来预测。本篇从药物与在研药物的适用症角度出发,分析不同种类疾病的药物开发现状。具体来说,进行了基于国际专利分类(IPC) 的分析及其各种疾病的分析。     

瑜珈对女大学生心血管功能的影响

运用文献资料法、实验对比、数理统计等方法,对苏州科技学院2007级瑜珈选修班的40名女大学生分为普通组、对照组进行心血管功能指标的测定。结果表明：经过4个半月的锻炼,实验组心血管功能明显优于对照组,说明瑜珈可有效改善女大学生的心血管功能。     

《国家学生体质健康标准》中有氧耐力评定指标的合理性质疑

运用文献资料法,对《国家学生体质健康标准》中有氧耐力评定指标的合理性进行了深入的探讨;综合国内外有氧耐力评定的研究现状,指出《标准》中有氧耐力评定指标存在的问题:从促进学生健康的角度,提出制定和完善我国学生有氧耐力评定指标的思路。     

互联网信息环境中信息超载问题研究

信息超载已经成了互联网环境下日益严重的问题。本文从客观和主观两个方面分析了信息超载的原因,然后分析了信息超载的危害,最后从技术方法和非技术方法两方面提出解决信息超载的措施。     

24例田径运动员心身疾病调查分析

通过对24名专业田径运动员的心身疾病调查,发现田径运动员的心身疾病发病率高于一般人群,属高危人群,表明心身疾病的发病与职业、心理应激、性格等因素有关.指出运动员在训练过程中应注意的问题,初步探讨运动员心身疾病的预防、治疗.