熵与生命的关系

以熵及熵变理论为基础，讨论了熵变与生命过程，熵变与疾病之间的定性关系，进一步阐明了疾病治疗方法的理论。     

蔬菜污染与防治对策研究

我国是一个蔬菜生产大国,蔬菜的污染主要来自两个方面：一是生产基地生态环境受到污染,如土壤、水质、大气遭受＂三废＂或重金属等污染;二是蔬菜生产过程中化学农药、化肥的大量施用、残留与转化等,本文在收集资料的基础上对蔬菜污染现状进行了调查,着重分析了残留农药对蔬菜的污染,并提出相应的防治措施即：农业防治措施、生物防治措施、科学合理的施用农药,制定相关管理的措施。     

疗治教育痼疾的探索：日本“宽松教育”述评

"宽松教育"是一种通过给学生提供宽松氛围以培养其生存能力、创新能力的教育理论和实践。"宽松教育"的演进可以区分为"局部实施"、"全面实施"及"调整"三个阶段;为确保"宽松教育"目标的达成,日本政府围绕教育内容、教育时间等采取了一系列措施,但总体来看,"宽松教育"的实施效果并不理想。"宽松教育"是疗治现代教育痼疾的一次探索。作为一种教育理念,"宽松教育"具有一定的合理性;不过,"宽松教育"在实施过程中也出现了某些失误。     

Target blood pressure in diabetes patients with hypertension—What is the accumulated evidence in 2011?

There is overwhelming evidence that hypertension is an important risk factor for both macrovascular and microvascular complications in patients with diabetes, but the problem remains to identify appropriate goals for preventive therapies. A number of guidelines (the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)/European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) 2007, the Joint National Committee (JNC)-VII 2003, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) 2011) have for example advocated a blood pressure goal of less than 130/80 mmHg, but this suggestion has been challenged by findings in recent trials and meta-analyses (2011). The European Society of Hypertension (ESH) therefore recommends a systolic blood pressure goal of “well below” 140 mmHg. Based on evidence from both randomized controlled trials (hypertension optimal treatment (HOT), action in diabetes and vascular disease: preterax and diamicron MR controlled evaluation (ADVANCE), action to control cardiovascular risk in diabetes (ACCORD)) and observational studies (ongoing telmisartan alone and in combination with ramipril global endpoint trial (ONTARGET), international verapamil-trandolapril study (INVEST), treat to new targets (TNT), and the National Diabetes Register (NDR)), it has been shown that the benefit for stroke reduction remains even at lower achieved blood pressure levels, but the risk of coronary events may be uninfluenced or even increased at lower systolic blood pressure levels. In a recent meta-analysis, it was therefore concluded that the new recommended goal should be 130–135 mmHg systolic blood pressure for most patients with type 2 diabetes. Other risk factors should also be controlled with a more ambitious strategy applied in the younger patients with shorter diabetes duration, but a more cautious approach in the elderly and frail patients with a number of vascular or non-vascular co-morbidities. In patients from East Asia, such as China, the stroke risk is relatively higher than the risk of coronary events. This must also be taken into consideration for individualized goal setting in relation to total risk, for example in patients from stroke-prone families. In conclusion, the current strategy is to have a more individualized approach to risk factor control in patients with type 2 diabetes, also relevant for blood pressure control.     

Tai Ji Quan as an exercise modality to prevent and manage cardiovascular disease: A review

BackgroundRegular exercise is beneficial for adults with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD risk factors. Tai Ji Quan is popular among older adults and may offer additional exercise options. The present article aims to review the scientific literature published within the past decade on Tai Ji Quan as an exercise modality to prevent and manage CVD.MethodsAn electronic literature search of four databases (PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and AMED) was conducted from April 2003 through March 2013. Studies that examined Tai Ji Quan, were published in English, and specified a target study population of participants with a known CVD condition (e.g., coronary artery disease, chronic heart failure, or stroke) or studies conducted among participants with a CVD risk factor (e.g., hypertension, dyslipidemia, or impaired glucose metabolism) were included.ResultsA total of 20 studies met the inclusion criteria: 11 randomized clinical trials, seven quasi-experimental studies and two cross-sectional studies. The effect of Tai Ji Quan was examined on more than 20 different study variables among persons with coronary artery disease (n = 5 studies), chronic heart failure (n = 5 studies), stroke (n = 4 studies), and CVD risk factors (n = 6 studies). These studies were conducted primarily in Asia (n = 9, 45%) or the United States (n = 8, 40%). Overall, participants enrolled in Tai Ji Quan had better outcomes, though mixed results were reported.ConclusionCollectively, these studies indicate that Tai Ji Quan is a safe form of exercise to prevent and manage CVD. Further research is needed with more rigorous study designs, larger sample sizes, adequate Tai Ji Quan exercise doses, and carefully chosen outcome measures that assess the mechanisms as well as the effects of Tai Ji Quan, before widespread recommendations can be made.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病治疗的研究进展

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)由于其患病人数多,死亡率高,社会经济负担重,已成为一个重要的世界公共卫生问题.本文从西医治疗(糖皮质激素、β2肾上腺素受体激动剂、抗胆碱药、茶碱类药物、抗生素类药物、联合用药)、中医治疗(急性加重期、缓解期、其他疗法)及非药物治疗三方面进行了系列介绍.     

多媒体技术在《动物寄生虫病》教学中的合理应用及优势探讨

《动物寄生虫病》是畜牧兽医专业重要的专业课。动物寄生虫在日常生活中很少接触且其形态多数肉眼难以看到,因此,这使学生在学习过程中常感到乏味。在课堂教学过程中引入多媒体,可将动物寄生虫不同阶段的形态和发病部位变化直观的展示出来,但教师在教学过程中必须注意合理应用多媒体,才能发挥其优势。     

黄山地区人工养殖蟾蜍主要疾害及防治

2007年3月-2011年9月,对黄山地区人工养殖蟾蜍发生的主要疾害进行了调查,发现主要有腐皮病、红腿病、烂鳃病、胃肠炎、白内障、水霉病、气泡病等病害,车轮虫、舌杯虫和水蛭寄生虫害以及蛇、水虿、鸟等敌害。初步掌握了这些疾病的临床症状、病理变化、流行特点以及敌害种类,并对以上疾害提出了相应的防治措施。     

云南禄劝县烤烟成熟期主要病毒病种类及侵染特征初探

采用TAS-ELISA,DAS-ELISA和ID-ELISA 3种检测方法,选用11种病毒病原血清对禄劝烟区烟草成熟期受害典型样本进行检测.结果表明,禄劝烟区烟草成熟期的病毒病具有从单一侵染向复合侵染演变趋势,且病原危害种类以TMV为主,CMV次之,除此之外尚存在TEV,TVBMV等病毒.烟草成熟期受害叶片症状呈现＂复杂化与多样化＂特征,借助先进检测手段、扩大病原血清种类是探索清楚当地烟草成熟期主要病毒病种类的必要措施.     

安乐死概念中的几个问题

对于安乐死的概念,学有不同的表达方式。这是安乐死问题形成争论的重要原因之一。对安乐死患痛苦的内涵。有肉体“单一说”和肉体与精神“双重说”。一般来说痛苦概念“双重说”客观合理。安乐死申请权应当局限于患本人。由此才能保证安乐死实施的严肃性和严谨性。不治之症的标准是个相对的医学技术问题。并且在现实社会确实存在。安乐死与尊严死。是两个近似但适用对象截然不同的法律问题。有必要以不同的法律机制分而治之。