Matters of Form: Questions of Race,Identity, Design,and the U.S. Census

This case examines how functionalist approaches manifest culturally based on users’ contexts. The authors conduct a critical visual semiotic analysis of the race and Hispanic origin questions on the 2010 U.S. Census form, demonstrating how incongruities in design potentially harm people. This demonstrates a need for adding critical analyses to design and research and it refocuses the Society for Technical Communication’s value of promoting the public good on to design and documentation in order to fight injustice.     

Education for transformation: an evaluative framework to guide student voice work in schools

In the context of neoliberal and neoconservative educational reforms, student voice work is faced with a number of potential difficulties in creating the conditions, skills and dispositions necessary for student empowerment. One of the key challenges is evaluating whether student voice initiatives are effective, relevant and transformative. Through a systematic literature review of contemporary student voice literature from the past 10 years, the article proposes an evaluative framework to measure the extent to which student voice contributes to socially transformative educational practices in primary and secondary schools This framework suggests that transformative voice work should be dialogic, intergenerational, collective and inclusive, and transgressive. It argues that the interaction of these four themes forms a set of principles or building blocks which collectively underpin transformative student voice work. The purpose of such an evaluative framework is not to provide a normative benchmarking tool, but rather, to serve as a reflective dialogical tool that could guide teachers and students towards genuine transformation of institutional structures and individual practices as well as informing policy makers, practitioners and researchers.     

A theory of instruction for introductory programming skills

ABSTRACT

Background and Context: Current introductory instruction fails to identify, structure, and sequence the many skills involved in programming.

Objective: We proposed a theory which identifies four distinct skills that novices learn incrementally. These skills are tracing, writing syntax, comprehending templates (reusable abstractions of programming knowledge), and writing code with templates. We theorized that explicit instruction of these skills decreases cognitive demand.

Method: We conducted an exploratory mixed-methods study and compared students’ exercise completion rates, error rates, ability to explain code, and engagement when learning to program. We compared material that reflects this theory to more traditional material that does not distinguish between skills.

Findings: Teaching skills incrementally resulted in improved completion rate on practice exercises, and decreased error rate and improved understanding of the post-test.

Implications: By structuring programming skills such that they can be taught explicitly and incrementally, we can inform instructional design and improve future research on understanding how novice programmers develop understanding.     

邓小平发展理论的再发展

以江泽民为核心的党的第三代领导集体 ,根据中国政治经济建设不断发展的实际 ,勇于探索 ,在社会主义初级阶段理论、所有制理论以及经济发展战略等方面 ,创造性地运用和发展了邓小平理论 ,使邓小平理论不断深化、丰富和发展     

"滋味说"的肯定与否定——兼论中国古代诗学研究古今言说路径的差异及应对方式

钟嵘《诗品》的“滋味说”是中国诗学研究中较为重要的理论成说。近年来，有关其说的存无，争议较大。事实上，存、无两派的争论，言各有当，亦言各有失。两派的争议根基于中国古代诗学研究古今言说路径的差异及不同的应对方式。通过对存、无两派争议的梳理，可以管窥中国古代诗学研究中古今言说路径的差异及其原因。古今诗学言说路径的差异不可能通过一方否定另一方的办法得到合理的解决，他们只能通过打通差异的办法得到较好的转化，此即古代诗学研究中的求异取通之法。     

参古定 望今制奇－评刘锡庆的写作理论

刘锡庆对现代写作学的理论贡献是多方面的,从基础理论到文体认,纵教学论到史论,都有建树,尤其在基础理论方面,他用力最勤,成就最大,他“望今制奇,参古定法”,把“以文为本”的传统文章学转换为“以写为中心”的现代写作学。     

论中国艺术典型理论之流变

中国艺术典型论历史悠久，源远流长，具有鲜明的民族特色，它在明清以前抒情典型理论占主导地位，重在意境，主张“言有尽而意无穷、，至宋元以后，叙事性典型理论突然崛然，且有一统天下之势，其核心性格论重在人物的个性化和概括化，理论命题在承袭前人的基础上有新的突破，总之，中国艺术典型率是从诗画向小说，从低层次向高层次不断发展，成熟的。     

‘That teacher really likes me’ - Student-teacher interactions that initiate teacher expectation effects by developing caring relationships

Teacher expectations are associated with student academic achievement, but no research has generated new theory that explains how teacher expectation effects occur from students' perspectives. A substantive theory explaining the process through which students reconcile with their teachers' expectations is presented in this paper, emphasising the role of caring student-teacher relationships in teacher expectation effects on academic achievement. The theory was constructed with 25 grade 10 participants across three Western Australian secondary schools, with data including 100 interviews and 175 classroom observations. The analysis and synthesis of the data confirmed that the students acted in ways that they reflected improved their academic attainment when their teachers communicated high expectations of them. Noddings' enduring philosophy of the ‘ethic of care’ is used as a discussion framework, emphasising implications for how teachers practise and learn to interact with their students so that they can initiate positive teacher expectation effects on student learning.     

从Cr（CO）6看金属羰基配合物的键合特点

用分子轨道理论解释了Cr（CO）6的成键情况，揭示了金属羰基配合物的键合特点及其稳定的内在原因。     

受力分析的理论、方法及应用举例

受力分析是解决力学问题的关键,在教学过程中形成了以力的定义等基本理论为基础的有效的进行受力分析的方法.