La Transición: parent perspectives on transition for Latino youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities

The transition to adulthood can be a challenging time for adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Its complexity, however, may be magnified for families who have immigrated to the United States. This study examined the transition expectations and experiences of six first-generation, Latino parents and their transition-aged (14–22) children with intellectual disability, autism, and/or multiple disabilities. Through individual interviews held in Spanish or English, parents offered insights into (1) their visions of success for their child, (2) the distinct barriers they face as immigrant families, and (3) their suggestions for schools and adult agencies related to supporting strong transitions. Their portraits of desired outcomes were quite individualized and reflected high expectations. Factors identified as inhibiting successful transitions included persistent language barriers, the views of certain professionals and community members, and exclusion from typical school experiences. Parents encouraged schools to support family advocacy, foster greater student independence, expand adult programming, and reduce segregated educational placements. We present implications for educators on working with Latino families, as well as offer recommendations for future research.     

论朝鲜战争与中共对台政策的转变

随着中共在解放战争中的节节胜利,国共双方开始了台湾的争夺战.自新中国建立至朝鲜战争爆发,中共的中心任务是全力追歼国民党残余势力,用武力解放台湾,完成祖国的统一大业.但是,朝鲜战争的爆发,使当时的国际局势发生了重大变化,中共武力解放台湾的战争计划和行动面临了巨大的障碍和困难.因此,50年代中期,中共在对台政策方面作出了重大改变,提出了以武力统一为主,积极争取用和平方式解放台湾的方针.     

以现代文化为引领 加快文化转型进程

文章认为文化反思是实现文化转型的必要条件,是文化转型的必然要求,是文化转型的内在需要,也是文化转型的重要标志之一。在实现文化转型,改造民族传统文化,实现民族现代化的事业中,本民族知识分子应该起带头作用和表率作用,应该走在前沿,应该带头文化反思,用现代文化知识来武装自己,为民族的传统文化现代转型做出贡献。     

Adaptation in the transition to school: perspectives of parents,preschool and primary school teachers

Background: Transition to school is a highly demanding phase at an intellectual, social and emotional level and is, therefore, an opportunity for growth and development. Despite the greater emphasis given to school transition in Portugal over recent years, namely by means of new educational policies, studies on the adaptation processes involved in the transition to primary school are still scarce.

Purpose: The present qualitative study sets out to contribute to the knowledge on the adaptation process of children to school transition (around age 6) in Portugal, by comparing preschool teachers’, primary school teachers’, and parents’ perceptions about success indicators and relevant factors in the transition to school.

Design and method: In order to collect data, 14 focus group interviews with different participants were conducted, three with preschool teachers (N = 18), three with primary school teachers (N = 13), four with parents conducted before the child’s transition to primary school (N = 14) and four with parents conducted after the child’s transition to primary school (N = 20).

Results: While the preschool and primary school teachers stressed factors of a family nature, such as parental involvement and parental support of children, the parents referred more frequently to the overall running of the school and the characteristics and methodology of the teacher as being relevant to the adaptation process in the first year of primary education.

Conclusions: The findings suggest different factors associated with adaptation to school and also offer clues for designing strategies to facilitate such adaptation. New strategies are needed to facilitate the construction of a robust educational family–school partnership.     

Designing information communities: Ethical issues in the information age

Abstract

The worldwide use of computers, telecommunications, and other information technologies is giving rise to the formation of new communities called “information communities.” In the United States, for example, more people are employed as information givers, takers, or orchestrators in these communities than in any other occupation class. With so many social resources going into the conduct of these communities, it is essential that they are designed to be ethical. This requires that we identify the parties involved in each community, that we be empathetic and sympathetic to their needs and that we follow Kant's dictum by always treating them as “ends in themselves.”     

Students’ peer relationships and their contribution to university adjustment: the need to belong in the university community

Whilst new friendships and an active social life are commonly discussed features of ‘being a student’, there is limited empirical research that has quantitatively studied the contribution that social factors play in students’ university experience. Research that has been conducted shows that belonging and social integration are important factors in successful transition to university, and subsequent retention. This article presents research into students’ social relationships at university, their attachment to the university, and how these elements link to university adjustment. Undergraduates (N = 135) completed questionnaires measuring their attachment to university peers, attachment to the university, experiences of problematic peer relationships and quality of adjustment to university life. Students who reported strong attachment to their peers also demonstrated higher levels of adjustment to university life and attachment to their university. Students who reported difficulties in their relationships with other students had lower levels of peer attachment and university adjustment. Attachment to university peers was the strongest predictor of university adjustment, followed by attachment to the university. The research highlights the role of social relationships in institutional belonging, and the importance of nurturing peer relationships and institutional affiliation to create a positive student experience.     

美国科技政策跃迁及其对我国的启示

美国国际地位的取得与其拥有一套卓有成效的科技政策关系密切,美国科技政策跃迁为美国科技发展提供了系统指导,研究和回答美国科技政策跃迁给美国科技发展带来的成绩,借鉴美国科技政策的成功经验,完善我国科技政策,对我中国的科技发展具有重要指导意义。     

HSO_3~-异构化的量子化学研究

采用PM3法对HSO3-异构化成HOSO2-的反应进行了研究,得到了互变异构及应过渡态的几何构型。从理论上论证了这一异构化的机理。     

政府文件管理的数字转型框架研究

政府文件管理数字转型框架的研究旨在推进电子文件管理实践与理论的发展。文章以文本分析方法对澳大利亚与美国文件管理数字转型政策与报告予以调查归纳,由此形成政府文件管理数字转型框架。进而提出了我国政府文件管理数字转型策略:从立足整体情境完备数字基础配置、面向业务与信息融合再造流程、完善顶层设计、基于需求开发数字工具、多元主体协同充实组织架构、规范持续性全面评估六方面予以建议。     

近20年吉尔吉斯斯坦转型与稳定的悖论

苏联解体后,西方政治制度在吉尔吉斯斯坦并未开花结果。吉国政治结构体系出现了功能紊乱与协调失灵,持续的政治动荡,整个国家出现了治理危机,"最小国家"演变为"威权国家"、"民主斗士"颠覆"民主政府"、政治精英操纵"街头政治"、"利益集团"掠夺公共资源的治理困境中,对此,重新思考政权有效性与合法性之间的关系、国家治理模式与实现稳定繁荣的目标的关系、主流价值观与价值多元取向的关系,有利于进一步分析吉尔吉斯斯坦在具体治理困境中的症结,为"维护社会稳定"提供一个理论依据。