What is ethnography? Can it survive? Should it?

This paper notes that, in the field of education and beyond, the term ‘ethnography’ has acquired a range of meanings, and comes in many different versions, these often reflecting sharply divergent orientations. I argue that this is a major problem that requires attention; particularly since today there are some serious threats to the practice of ethnographic work, on almost any definition. However, while we need to forge greater agreement about the meaning of the term, this is a challenging task. Indeed, if we take ‘ethnography’ to refer to a whole methodological approach little agreement will be possible. I argue that it may be feasible if we treat ethnography as one methodological strategy among others, each having varying advantages and disadvantages for the purposes of investigating particular topics. However, the fundamental disagreements among ethnographers today about ontological, epistemological, and axiological matters render even this by no means unproblematic.     

非物质文化遗产调查中的主体意识--以民间文学为例

非物质文化遗产不会自己“说话”,其产生,需要调查者和研究者的参与。他们的主体意识在认定非物质文化遗产的过程中,起着至关重要的作用。非物质文化遗产从其生存的田野走向学术的层面,要经过研究者的参与观察和深度描写。研究者应该有意识的确立主位和客位的立场。     

足球技术动作教学中如何观察分析错误

动作技能的形成，必然要经历一个不断改正错误，逐步完善定型的过程，最后才能达到熟练掌握、运用自如的程度。而准确及时地发现错误则是改正错误，提高动作质量的前提。笔者在归纳错误类型的基础上，提出观察和分析错误的方法。     

原型观测在浙医一院桩基工程中的应用

桩基础在现代建筑工程中得到了广泛的应用，但由于结构工程理念的不断更新和发展，对桩基础的设计和施工提出了更高的要求。通过确定和实施原型观测方案，获得了大量的第一手资料，并对其进行初步的整理分析，客观地揭示了工程建设进程中桩基的工作性状，反映了一些客观规律，为进一步丰富和完善桩基工程理论内涵提供了实践依据。     

基于CAD的数字测图技巧探讨

利用全站仪进行数字测图的野外观测过程中,由于现场地形各异,通视情况不良等,观测时要应用各种方法和技巧。利用CAD软件的绘图技巧,结合全站仪外业观测,可以使现场观测工作变得更加简单、灵活,从而使外业工作量极大减少,内业成图更加有规律。     

新疆维吾尔自治区义务教育阶段课堂教学的观察与评价研究报告

此研究报告运用课堂教学观察技术,从教师的教、学生的学两个维度、九个视角,对当前自治区义务教育阶段课堂教学现状进行分学科观测,汇总各学科的观察信息,针对共性问题进行讨论分析,提出改进建议.     

Shifting positions in physical education – notes on otherness,sameness, absence and presence

Currently, ethnographic interest in leadership is relatively sparse. This paper's focus derives from research about integrating diversity in leadership, and how some leaders are included and excluded from organisational influence in Further Education. Specific interest is in methodological opportunities to research leadership as observed behaviours in sensitive contexts of diversity. Three issues are foregrounded. Firstly, it is argued that notwithstanding the importance of interviews and biographies, research without observation underestimates the significance of whether what leaders do in relation to diversity is what they say they do. A second issue lies in considering whether data collected over seven months during intensive two-day case site visits, might legitimately be labelled ethnography. Thirdly, the ethical issues in defining and researching the diverse characteristics of actual and potential leaders are considered. Conclusions confirm a need to research leadership ethnographically not least to prevent critical perspectives about leadership, diversity and equality being air-brushed from studies of educational administration.     

基于幸福课堂的思想政治课堂观察实践探索

高中思想政治课呼唤课堂幸福,文章就从开展思想政治课堂观察活动开始,重新审视"有效教学",研究剖析课堂观察的实践架构和价值意义,提出思想政治幸福课堂评价的改进建议,尝试用课堂观察的方法助力重构思想政治幸福课堂,以期思想政治课教学能够更好地育人。     

浅谈临床医学硕士专业学位研究生临床技能培养网络化管理的建立

通过临床技能培养网络化管理系统的研究和应用,对临床医学硕士专业学位研究生的临床技能培养过程进行全方位的实时监控,加强考核,改善了管理环节,提高了管理效能,取得了良好的效果。     

联合国可持续发展目标6（清洁饮水与卫生设施）监测评估：进展与展望

"清洁饮水和卫生设施"(SDG 6)是联合国17个可持续发展目标之一,但截至目前,世界并未走在实现SDG 6的正确轨道上。为了改变这种状况并重新带领世界走上实现SDG 6的道路,联合国倡议并启动了包括融资、数据和信息、能力发展、创新、治理5个方面内容的"SDG 6全球加速框架"。文章从服务于SDG 6指标监测评估的数据和信息角度,分析了当前全球范围内的数据进展、地球大数据技术在SDG 6指标监测评估中的应用情况,总结了全球SDG 6监测评估中存在的2个方面问题:(1)仍缺乏可持续生产的高精度指标数据集;(2)缺乏集数据获取、指标计算、目标评估为一体的运行化系统。在此基础上,提出了建立面向SDG6全目标指标体系监测评估的标准化统计报表与技术指南,以及搭建系统平台的建议。