高中学业水平考试研究(二):考试质量评价

学业水平考试试题和试卷的质量直接影响学业评价和诊断结果的有效性和可靠性。本文以上海市高中思想政治学科学业水平考试为例,从试题和题组功能偏差、试题得分与总分的相关系数、识别指数分析及分类一致性和准确性四个方面对考试的质量进行了定量评价,以介绍学业水平考试质量评价的方法。     

A Likely Past: Abortion,Social Data,and a Collective Memory of Secrets in 1950s America

This essay analyzes the collective mnemonics embedded in the statistical discourse of Planned Parenthood's 1955 conference, Abortion in the United States. Conferees recalled a culture that was diseased, remembered both through social data on abortion pathology and epidemiology. The essay conceptualizes how to think of social data as a collective memory of secrets that is incumbent to biopower, particularly regarding statistical anonymity as a form of strategic amnesia. Although primarily a study of this conference, the essay notes the broader importance of collective memory and secrecy for the study of biopower.     

Pranking rhetoric: “culture jamming” as media activism

This essay explores the practice of “culture jamming” as a strategy of rhetorical protest. Specifically, “pranksters” deploy the tools of the mass media and marketing in order to take advantage of the resources and venues they afford. Through the concept of “pranking,” this essay suggests that the most promising forms of media activism may resist less through negation and opposition than by playfully appropriating commercial rhetoric both by folding it over on itself and exaggerating its tropes.     

Managing Health Care in Oregon: The Search for a Civic Bioethics

Managed health care deliberations in Oregon point to a "civic bioethics" model to resolve allocation issues through publicly articulated community values and priorities that influence legislative action. Communication practices in the Oregon experiment provide data to develop an evaluative framework to assess public moral deliberation in value-laden contexts such as health care distribution. The Oregon experience also points to dialogical virtues to heighten citizens' ethical sensibilities and political will, discursive tools to inform ethical communication practices in a civic bioethics model.     

Negotiating Feminist Politics in the Third Wave: Labor Struggle and Solidarity in Live Nude Girls Unite!

This essay examines Live Nude Girls Unite!, a documentary about female exotic dancers' successful efforts to unionize. The film rhetorically exposes an alternative perspective on the ideological evolution, and contradictions, that represent third-wave feminism by complicating the notion of gender oppression and the responsibilities of coalition politics. Through these women's analyses of their political situation, the film rhetorically addresses complex issues, including the complicated distinctions between victimizer and victim in contemporary gender politics, women's appropriation of sex work and capacity for labor activism, and the dominant culture's attempts to regulate working women's private and public lives.     

Teacher identity development in the first year of teacher education: A developmental and social psychological perspective

The present study examined the development of teacher identity in a cohort of first year student teachers from a developmental and social psychological perspective, relying on Erikson's (1964) theory of identity development and Turner, Oakes, Haslam, and McGarty's (1994) self-categorization theory. As hypothesized, aspects of both personal identity development and social identity were significantly associated with higher teacher identity after controlling for several covariates. The findings have several implications for teacher education programs and point to the potential utility of applying well-researched psychological theory when examining the processes by which student teachers develop a professional teaching identity.     

1982年至2003年藏北高原草地生态系统NDVI与气候因子的相关分析

本文利用1982年～2003年GIMMS每15d合成的归一化植被指数(Normalized Difference VegetationIndex,NDVI)数据集和藏北高原8个气象站1981年～2003年逐月气象资料,用相关分析研究了NDVI与6个气候因子的相关性及其时气候因子的时滞响应情况,同时计算了气温、降水和风速3个气候因子与NDVI的偏相关系数.结果表明:①除噶尔和改则之外,6个站的NDVI与同期月均气温、月均最高气温、月均最低气温、月均相对湿度和月降水量都呈高度正相关(P<0.001),其中与月均最低气温的相关性最好,NDVI与当月降水量的相关系数为那曲>索县>安多>当雄>班戈>申扎;月均风速与藏北高原草地NDVI呈高度负相关(P<0.001;当雄除外,为D<0.05);②NDVI对气温和降水的响应有滞后效应:改则和噶尔NDVI对气温滞后3个月,其它6个站滞后1个月;噶尔NDVI对降水的滞后期为2个月,其它7个站均滞后1个月;申扎和改则(噶尔)NDVI对空气湿度分别滞后1和2个月,其它5个站无滞后;那曲、安多、班戈和申扎NDVI对降水的累积滞后期为1个月,当雄和索县为2个月,改则和噶尔为4个月,NDVI对降水响应的累积滞后相关系数从东到西呈降低趋势;③除改则和噶尔之外的6个站NDVI变化受气温的影响大于降水;在气温-降水-风速组合下,除改则和噶尔之外的6个站NDVI第一相关因子仍是气温,但索县、那曲、班戈和申扎属于气温-风速-降水驱动型,安多和当雄属于气温-降水-风速驱动型.藏北草地NDVI与气候因子的相关性受植被类型、海拔、年降水量和年平均风速的影响.     

Monetary donations to an open source software platform

Online open source software platforms, such as Sourceforge.net, play a vital role in creating an ecosystem that enables the creation and growth of open source projects. However, there is little research exploring the interactions between open source stakeholders and the platform. We believe that the sustainability of the platform crucially depends on financial incentives. While platforms can obtain these incentives through multiple means, in this paper we focus on one form of financial incentives—voluntary monetary donations by open source community members. We report findings from two empirical studies that examine factors that impact donations. Study 1 investigates the factors that cause some community members to donate and not others. We find that the decision to donate is impacted by relational commitment with open source software platform, donation to projects and accepting donations from others. Study 2 examines what drives the level of donation. We find that the length of association with the platform and relational commitment affects donation levels.     

中国农业科研投资的不均衡研究——农业科研投资基尼系数的计算及其分解

在对我国农业科研投资不均衡现状分析的基础上,引入基尼系数研究我国农业科研投资的不均衡分布,对农业科研投资基尼系数进行计算和分解。结果显示:我国农业科研投资基尼系数在0.45左右,科研投资在机构间的分布差距较大;农业科研投资基尼系数的变动与农业科技体制改革的阶段性极其吻合;验证了农业科研领域存在着马太效应。最后提出合理认识农业科研投资的不均衡性几点启示。     

“功能主义”和“建构主义”视角下集体记忆与档案价值挖掘和应用研究

集体记忆作为一个跨学科的概念,近年来受到档案学界的广泛关注和研究。文章引入功能主义和建构主义的研究视角,试图探究档案与集体记忆的互动关联。功能主义视角下,档案积极发挥其作为资源、媒介和权力的价值,在集体记忆的形成、保存、传承等过程中发挥着不可替代的重要作用;建构主义视角下,档案工作者和社会公众同为集体记忆的积极建构者,在档案馆所构筑的"记忆之场"中,不断推进集体记忆的运行。