专业型学生社团导师制实效性评价指标体系研究

根据专业型学生社团的性质和相应原则,构建教师指导动机、指导能力、指导行为和过程绩效以及产出绩效五个方面的评价指标,并通过问卷调查和探索性因子分析,对问卷的信度和效度进行了检验,提取了五个公因子,以各公因子的方差贡献率占累积方差贡献率的比重作为权重进行加权汇总,得出评价对象的综合得分。     

运动疲劳状态下GPi/SNr在基底神经节信息整合中的作用

摘要：目的：干预基底神经节直接通路和间接通路,观察运动疲劳后苍白球内侧部（GPi）和黑质网状部（SNr）神经元电活动变化,探讨GPi/SNr在基底神经节信息整合中的作用。方法：选取大鼠建立跑台运动疲劳动物模型,采用不同频率的电刺激干预间接通路,微量注射KA、SCH23390干预直接通路,记录运动疲劳前后GPi/SNr神经元电活动。结果：刺激丘脑底核引起GPi/SNr兴奋性反应的放电频率在一定范围内随刺激频率增大而增大;疲劳组GPi/SNr神经元对变频刺激的反应较安静组增强;增加刺激频率时,GPi/SNr神经元兴奋性反应放电频率减小。特定刺激频率作用下,疲劳组GPi/SNr神经元兴奋性反应比例显著高于安静组（P<0.05）;疲劳组SNr神经元的放电频率显著高于安静组（P<0.05）;疲劳组SNr兴奋性、抑制性反应频率均比GPi高。微量注射KA后,疲劳组抑制性反应比例显著高于安静组（P<0.05）,微量注射非诺多泮后,SNr疲劳组的抑制性反应比例显著高于安静组（P<0.05）,微量注射SCH23390后,疲劳组兴奋性反应比例显著高于安静组（P<0.05）。结论：GPi/SNr作为基底神经节的输出核团,在整合直接、间接通路信息的过程中存在不同的信号处理方式。运动疲劳后,干预间接通路时引起GPi/SNr神经元反应的高频刺激阈值增加,减少STN对GPi/SNr的兴奋性传入可能成为干预运动疲劳间接通路的一种手段。     

规律运动干预人类衰老过程的表观遗传学机制研究进展

摘要：人类的衰老过程受DNA编码信息、表观遗传学信息和环境因素的共同调控。DNA编码信息提供了合成生命所必需蛋白质的模板或蓝图,决定着人类的生命历程和最高寿限,而表观遗传学信息则提供了何时、何地以及如何应用DNA编码信息的指令。饮食、药物、体力活动等诸多环境因素可通过改变衰老相关基因的表观遗传学修饰,进而影响基因的开启与关闭,决定着个体寿命的长短。表观遗传学不但搭建起了环境—基因之间的桥梁或中介,而且把人类的寿限与寿命密切地联系在一起。规律运动作为一种环境表观遗传调制器,可在不影响DNA编码的前提下,通过诱导表观遗传学修饰改变调控衰老相关基因的表达水平,在延缓人类衰老进程中发挥着重要作用。本文从影响人类衰老过程的表观遗传调控机制入手,对规律运动在调控衰老过程端粒相关蛋白、脑衰老、糖脂代谢和肿瘤发生发展的表观遗传学机制研究进展进行综述,其目的在于从分子遗传学水平揭示运动干预延缓衰老之谜,为倡导通过增加体力活动实现健康老龄化提供科学依据。     

佳木斯市城市社区体育现状的调查与对策研究

社区体育的开展好与坏,直接体现在居民参与体育运动能力与水平上和体现居民生活高质量的表现。为此,以佳木斯市城市社区体育现状调查为个案,进行相关的调查研究分析,对调查结果进行有效的研究与分析,积极探求有利于社区体育发展的思路与对策。     

足坛"黑哨"刑法定性探析

归纳我国刑法学界对足坛"黑哨"刑法定性的3种代表性意见,即无罪论;公司、企业人员受贿罪说;受贿罪说。对"黑哨"进行刑法分析,认为:基于中国足协的特殊地位,由其指派的裁判员属于国家工作人员,从"黑哨"的行为特征看,完全符合受贿罪的构成要件,应当由司法机关介入对其犯罪行为进行刑法规制,充分发挥刑法的惩治、威慑作用,以便有效地治理"黑哨"现象。     

Computerized Agility Training Improves Change-of-Direction and Balance Performance Independently of Footwear in Young Adults

Understanding the effects of training in different footwear on sporting performance would be useful to coaches and athletes. Purpose: This study compared the effects of computerized agility training using 3 types of footwear on change-of-direction and balance performance in young adults. Method: Thirty recreationally active young adults (M_age = 22.8 ± 3.1 years; M_height = 1.71 ± 0.7 m; M_bodymass = 73.4 ± 10.3 kg) were randomly assigned to a 6-week computerized agility training intervention in 1 of 3 footwear groups (n = 10/group): barefoot, minimal footwear, or traditional shoes. Participants had no previous barefoot or minimal-footwear training experience. Dependent variables included change-of-direction test time to completion, Star Excursion Balance Test, and single-leg stability evaluation. Testing was performed at the start of the training program, after 2 weeks, after 4 weeks, and at the end of the training program. Results: No group or time interactions were found for any of the dependent variables. Time main effects were observed for the performance measures of change of direction, Star Excursion, and single-leg-with-eyes-open stability evaluation. Participants improved in all 3 tests as early as 2 weeks into the intervention, with improvements continuing through the entire 6-week intervention. Conclusions: The lack of interaction and footwear effects suggests that agility and balance improvements during foot agility training are independent of footwear in a recreationally active young-adult population. Computerized agility training improves change-of-direction and balance performance within 2 weeks of training implementation. Future studies should consider footwear training effects in different populations, including frail older adults and athletes.     

不同运动方式对更年期女性身心健康的影响

摘要：目的：探讨不同的运动方式干预对更年期女性体内激素水平、自由基代谢和心理健康的影响效应,旨在为改善和提高更年期女性的生活质量提供参考。方法：随机选取符合纳入标准的更年期女性受试者,依据不同运动方式分为4组,即对照组(CG)24人、有氧运动组(AG)27人、抗阻运动组(RG)27人、健身气功组(QG)27人,实施24周的运动干预,在实验前、中、后分别对相关激素和自由基代谢酶水平进行测量和统计分析,并进行更年期症状与心理状态评估。结果：24周后,AG和RG的血清E2、SOD和CAT值增加幅度,FSH、MDA、XOD值以及Kupperman、SAS和SDS评分降低幅度均明显高于QG和CG。结论：24周中等强度的有氧运动和抗阻运动与低强度的健身气功相比,更有助于改善更年期女性体内的雌激素和自由基代谢水平,缓解心理焦虑、抑郁等更年期不适症状。     

全身振动介入抗阻力训练对能量消耗的影响研究

探讨全身性振动介入抗阻力训练对能量消耗的影响,为体重控制及健身减肥者制定有效的运动处方提供依据。方法：以我院体育教育专业健康男性为对象,利用气体代谢分析仪及心率表对"振动介入+抗阻力训练"（实验组,Resistance exercise+Vibration,REV）及单纯"抗阻力训练"（对照组,Resistance exercise, RE）模式下的摄氧及能量消耗等指标进行监测,并运用SPSS17.0对相关指标进行统计分析。结果：1）REV组在训练中及训练后0-25分、25-50分的总每分钟能量消耗及每分钟最大摄氧显著高于RE组;2）抗阻力训练结束后相当长的时间内以脂肪消耗供能为主,表现为REV组脂肪供能比例明显高于RE组;3）抗阻力训练能显著提升训练中呼吸交换率及换气量,表现为REV组提升率高于RE组。结论：全身性振动介入抗阻力训练可比单纯抗阻力增加更多能量消耗,且在训练后恢复期能提升脂肪供能比例,故控体重运动员及健身减肥者将振动作为辅助训练手段是非常有效的。     

体育课堂运动干预对女大学生体质健康影响的实验研究

运用文献资料法、数理统计法、实验法,研究体育课堂运动干预对女大学生体质健康的影响,为高校的体育教学改革提供一定的理论依据.结果显示:体育课堂的运动干预对女大学生身体素质和身体机能的改善和提高效果明显.     

Intercultural education in physical education: results of a quasi-experimental intervention study with secondary school students

Background: Due to migration processes, cultural diversity and strangeness are becoming characteristics of modern society. The competence to handle this heterogeneity – the so-called intercultural competence – is a key competence for all children and youths. Sports and physical education (PE) are often considered as a particular field for enhancing intercultural competence. However, until now there is no theory-based empirical study that proves this assumption. Purpose: This study was designed to examine the effects of a standardised, theoretically driven programme in PE on the development of underlying cognitive concepts of intercultural competence: acculturation attitudes and attitudes towards cultural diversity. Research design: The research design consists of a quasi-experimental design with four measurement points. The intervention group (N?=?69; mean age?=?11.6 years (SD?=?0.60)) followed standardised and theory-driven intervention lessons following the didactical guidelines of the concept of ‘Intercultural Movement Education’ (IME). The developed games tend to trigger ‘crises’ with the aim to insecure students. These experienced insecurities were afterwards reflected upon with the students. The internal control group (N?=?63; mean age?=?11.8 years (SD?=?0.62)) and external control group (N?=?93; mean age?=?10.8 years (SD?=?0.69)) were taught in a unspecific manner. The impact of the intervention study programme was tested with a reliable and valid questionnaire. Results: A significant time by group interaction effect for the subscale ‘assimilation/segregation’ of acculturation attitudes was found in boys and in girls. The attitudes increased significantly after the intervention. For the girls, the intervention group showed also a significant decrease of the attitude ‘integration’. No significant impact of the intervention study on the attitudes towards cultural diversity could be identified either with boys or girls. Discussion: The effects of the study are ambivalent. The significantly increased assimilative attitudes can be interpreted as a need for a sense of security. This is also underlined by the decrease of the integration attitude that values the maintenance of cultural integrity. It must be critically discussed whether the ‘crises’ were too intense and not adapted to the children’s skills to overcome them. Second, we have to critically analyse whether the discussions with the students about their experiences were sufficiently focused to debrief the students. Summary for practitioners: The competence to handle heterogeneity – the so-called intercultural competence – is a key competence for children and youths. Sports and PE are often considered as a particular field for enhancing intercultural competence. However, until now there has been no theory-based empirical study that proves this assumption. This paper describes the development, implementation and evaluation of an intervention programme on intercultural learning in PE along the didactic guidelines of IME. This programme tries to trigger ‘crises’ that stimulate the students to react and think about their self- and world relations. The statistical analyses show that the ‘crises’ were probably too intense as the students’ scores in assimilation attitudes increased. This lead to the didactical reflection of the implementation of intercultural learning processes in PE.