个体工商户参照《消费者权益保护法》予以适用的条件

个体工商户的性质决定了它购买商品可能为个人或家庭消费使用,也可能为经营或职业之用。为此,我们必须寻找将个体工商户二重角色剥离开来的标准,以确定个体工商户在何时可以享受《消费者权益保护法》的保护。这方面可以借鉴德国法和英国法的经验。如果个体工商户＂在营业的过程中＂,则可以推定其是作为个人经营者从事生产或经营活动,此时不宜将其纳入《消费者权益保护法》的保护范围;如果个体工商户＂不在营业的过程中＂,则是自然人,属于消费者,应该纳入《消费者权益保护法》的保护范围。关于＂在营业的过程中＂的认定,需要考察缔约时买受人的身份、所购商品是否为经营的必需部分、购买行为是否具有一定的规律性和经常性、事后商品被使用的情况、所购商品是否重新进入流通领域而转卖出去等因素。     

PUBLIC LIBRARY COOPERATION AND COOPERATIVES:

This paper traces the development of interlibrary cooperation in the United States during the twentieth century. Unstructured cooperation, indicated by such activities as the National Union Catalog at the Library of Congress (1901) and the first interlibrary loan code (1917), continues today. Since World War II, structured cooperation, including regional networks, special activities, and multipurpose cwperatives, has become more prominent. A definition of library cooperation is offered, and differences between the terms system, network, and consortium are explored. Probable future develop ments in library cwperation are mentioned, including applications of computer technology and potential political benefits of multitype library cooperation.     

Online Searching for Information on Medical Devices

Librarians located in a 560-bed, inner city academic medical center with 25,000 + admissions per year planned and opened a Patient and Family Education Center (PFEC) in the lobby of a new patient care pavilion. A review of use in the first 19 months revealed that expected needs were being met while a variety of unexpected needs were identified. Ongoing use continues to be monitored by a detailed log of patron visits maintained by library staff. This article describes the evolution of the Patient and Family Education Center, outreach to the hospital community, and plans for the future.     

The Librarian's Role in Linking Patients to Their Personal Health Data and Contextual Information

The objective of this project was to make an institution's patients aware of a new patient portal with contextual links to MedlinePlus. Through partnerships with information technology personnel and LSU Health Shreveport clinics, the Health Sciences Library created and distributed promotional and educational materials and instructed patients on how to use MyChart and access reliable consumer health information via MedlinePlus Connect. Although most patients were not interested in coming to the library for demonstrations, many of them expressed interest in using MyChart. The contextual information in MedlinePlus Connect worked well for most topics. The institutional team leader for MyChart expressed gratitude for librarian involvement.     

Citizens as consumers: Profiling e-government services’ users in Egypt via data mining techniques

This study uses data mining techniques to examine the effect of various demographic, cognitive and psychographic factors on Egyptian citizens’ use of e-government services. Data mining uses a broad family of computationally intensive methods that include decision trees, neural networks, rule induction, machine learning and graphic visualization. Three artificial neural network models (multi-layer perceptron neural network [MLP], probabilistic neural network [PNN] and self-organizing maps neural network [SOM]) and three machine learning techniques (classification and regression trees [CART], multivariate adaptive regression splines [MARS], and support vector machines [SVM]) are compared to a standard statistical method (linear discriminant analysis [LDA]). The variable sets considered are sex, age, educational level, e-government services perceived usefulness, ease of use, compatibility, subjective norms, trust, civic mindedness, and attitudes. The study shows how it is possible to identify various dimensions of e-government services usage behavior by uncovering complex patterns in the dataset, and also shows the classification abilities of data mining techniques.     

消费类期刊的第三方发行渠道研究

发行渠道是期刊发行过程中的关键环节,发行渠道的管理和建设已经成为期刊核心竞争力的重要组成部分.由于传统的主渠道和自办发行渠道都存在各种弊端,专业、独立的第三方发行渠道便应运而生.本文以消费类期刊为研究对象,探讨在渠道多元化的今天,如何建立有效的第三方发行渠道.     

Content design of advertisement for consumer exposure: Mobile marketing through short messaging service

The success of mobile phone-based short messaging service (SMS) commercials as a tool of promotional marketing depends upon the wording, statement, language, presentation − in other words, the overall content of the message. If consumers are not exposed to the mobile phone SMS containing promotional offers, marketers would less likely to achieve any benefits by sending SMS to prospective consumers. This study is aimed to identify and empirically examine the critical variables that can attract consumers to open and read the advertisement on the SMS. To address consumer exposure, the study was designed on the conceptual paradigms of the UTAUT2 with the inclusion of three external constructs: personalization, self-concept, and trust. Through a consumer survey, this study found significant variations from the UTAUT2 to provide new constructs to capture consumer intentions for exposure to the product. By doing so, this study has developed and tested an extended version of UTAUT2, which is named as UTAUT-CEMM (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology of Consumer Exposure for Mobile Message). It revealed that consumer segmentation and target marketing is the most effective way to communicate with consumers through promotional marketing conducted by the mobile phone SMS. It also suggested that this promotional marketing is valuable only for highly reputable vendors/retailers.     

逆城市化趋势及城市规模扩展机制的经济学分析

城市化水平的提高是促进我国经济增长的重要因素,为了更好的推进城市化进程,就必须了解城市化的规律。研究表明,城市化高度发展的发达国家都曾经历或正在经历逆城市化。逆城市化是城市化另一种表现。本文在充分探索了一些主要国家"逆城市化"过程的基础上,从经济学理论角度通过分析区位地租衰减以及级差地租规律分析了城市化过程中居民点的布局一般行为选择。     

中产阶层消费需求结构的宏观数量分析——基于ELES模型

中产阶层较高的收入和较强的消费能力,以及他们特有的消费文化理念,既引领着消费市场的走向,更影响着供给结构的调整。本文利用2003和2007年中国居民宏观统计数据,运用ELES模型对中产阶层的需求结构进行实证分析。结果显示,中产阶层的基本需求和总体边际消费倾向保持在一个稳定的水平,医疗保健与教育文化娱乐服务的边际消费倾向有所降低,衣着、家庭设备用品及服务、交通通信和居住四类消费品的边际消费倾向均大幅上升;食品、居住占中产阶层消费的主要部分;所有商品皆表现为正常商品;中产阶层的住房的需求结构更多地受供给结构的硬约束。     

基于SQL Server 2000数据库的安全性策略的研究

为了防止数据库在非法使用过程中造成数据泄露、更改或破坏,本文提出了数据库安全性控制的一般方法,具体阐述了用户标识和鉴定、存取控制、定义视图、数据加密和审计几类安全性措施。