The construction of common treadmills significantly affects biomechanical and metabolic variables

ABSTRACT

Surface compliance has been shown to affect leg stiffness and energetics. It is unknown if compliance differences between common treadmills would elicit such changes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if compliance design differences of common treadmills would affect the mechanics and energetics of running. Eleven runners ran at moderate, self-selected, matched belt speeds for three minutes on two treadmills: compliant (CT) and rigid (RT) decks. During the last minute of each trial, oxygen consumption and six markers describing the torso, thigh, shank and foot, and one marker to determine treadmill deflection were recorded. Leg stiffness, continuous relative phase (CRP) and CRP variability were calculated. Compared to RT, running on CT resulted in a significantly more compliant leg (8.591 kN?m^?1 > 9.063 kN?m^?1), lower oxygen consumption (34.69 ml?kg^?1?min^?1 < 36.86 ml?kg^?1?min^?1), different coordination patterns and greater variability, particularly during the push-off phase. These results are inconsistent with the literature because the deck of CT rebounds back at the runner during the absorption phase and away from the runner during the push-off phase. Therefore, care should be taken when using treadmills for research and comparing mechanical and energetic measures between studies.     

From the field of play to the laboratory: Recreating the demands of competition with augmented reality simulated sport

ABSTRACT

Biomechanical analysis has typically been confined to a laboratory setting. While attempts have been made to take laboratory testing into the field, this study was designed to assess whether augmented reality (AR) could be used to bring the field into the laboratory. This study aimed to measure knee load in volleyball players through a jump task incorporating AR while maintaining the perception-action couplings by replicating the visual features of a volleyball court. Twelve male volleyball athletes completed four tasks: drop landing, hop jump, spike jump, and spike jump while wearing AR smart glasses. Biomechanical variables included patellar tendon force, knee moment and kinematics of the ankle, knee, hip, pelvis and thorax. The drop landing showed differences in patellar tendon force and knee moment when compared to the other conditions. The hop jump did not present differences in kinetics when compared to the spike conditions, instead of displaying the greatest kinematic differences. As a measure of patellar tendon loading the AR condition showed a close approximation to the spike jump, with no differences present when comparing landing forces and mechanics. Thus, AR may be used in a clinical assessment to better replicate information from the competitive environment.     

Changes in emergent software development routines: The moderation effects of routine diversity

Research into the role of routine change has been conducted in relatively stable and structured organizational settings. This study extends the current understanding of routine change to more fluid organizational forms. Drawing on the literature in organizational routines and routine change, we develop and test a model that captures the dynamic relationships among routine change, routine diversity, and project performance in the context of open-source software development. By sequence-mining the digital trace data of OSS projects, we show that routine change reduces project popularity; however, this effect is mitigated as routine diversity increases. Thus, routine diversity provides a coping mechanism for participants to adapt to changing routines. This study reveals the dynamics in open-source development routines and their effects on project popularity, which can apply to various other fluid organizational forms.     

中国水资源-能源-粮食绿色发展耦合协调效应及其空间效应

将经济、环境系统与水资源-能源-粮食系统相结合,以从三元到五元系统的绿色发展视角研究中国不同区域2005—2019年之间关于水资源-能源-粮食绿色发展综合指数的时空差异、耦合协调效应和空间效应。结果显示：（1）研究期内中国各省份五元系统绿色发展指数总体不高,发展趋势较为平稳,显示出明显的区域差异;（2）大部分省份的五元系统耦合协调度都在濒临失调与勉强协调区间,耦合协调度水平还比较低;（3）五元系统的耦合协调度在大多数年份内都呈现出显著正向的空间自相关,表现为正向的空间集聚现象;（4）耦合协调度的主要影响因素表现出明显的空间溢出。政府在政策制定过程中需要综合考虑各类资源与环境、经济系统的特性及其综合发展水平、各类系统间的耦合协调度,并考虑到每一个重要影响因素对耦合协调度空间上的直接效应和间接效应,以提升本区域和邻近区域整体绿色发展水平。     

Communication Privacy Management Theory: Exploring Coordination and Ownership Between Friends

Researchers in this study explored friends’ boundary coordination and ownership surrounding private information as posed by Communication Privacy Management theory. One hundred pairs of friends (N = 200) completed measures about the risk of a prior disclosure and the degree of discussion about who could/could not know the information. In support of Communication Privacy Management theory, disclosers engaged in greater boundary coordination when the information was riskier. When the information was riskier, disclosers and receivers perceived that the receivers had less ownership rights over the information. Disclosers reported negative emotional reactions to hypothetical dissemination of higher-risk information when they perceived their friends as having less ownership, but positive emotional reactions of lower-risk information when they perceived their friends as having more ownership. Receivers were more likely to disseminate the information when they perceived they had ownership over the information.     

配位化学课程教学中加强创新教育的研究与实践

多年来配位化学一直是化学学科中最为活跃的研究领域之一。传统的配位化学课程教学内容过于陈旧,为了加强创新教育和培养学生的创新能力,对配位化学课程体系、教学内容、教学方法和考试方法进行了改革探索与实践,取得了良好的教学效果。     

档案开放获取主体协调激励研究

遵循缘由、目的、方法的逻辑,从档案开放获取的背景入手,分析档案行政管理部门、档案馆、公众在制度、功能角色以及档案意识方面的缺失,确定档案开放获取主体协调激励的目标和路径,提出档案开放获取主体协调激励的原则和策略.     

创客精神培育与空间创新发展耦合路径与保障机制研究

创新是空间发展的动力和源泉。创客精神是空间创新发展的动力源泉和智力支撑,空间创新发展是创客精神的载体和实践基地,二者间存在着相互协调、相互促进的良性耦合关系。本文通过分析两者间的耦合关系和路径,找准两者的共同关联要素,构建两者之间的耦合保障机制,为实现创客精神与空间创新发展的协调、共赢、同步良性发展谏言献策,推进图书馆创客空间的可持续发展。     

我国知识产权管理协调机制研究

完善协调机制,实行科学管理,确保高效运作是实施知识产权战略的关键和瓶颈问题。相对于知识产权制度的建立和完善,我国知识产权协调机制作用的发挥始终是知识产权制度实施的"软肋"。从战略高度顶层设计我国知识产权管理协调机制,以依法行政为基石,以创新行政管理模式为手段,以主动作为、善于谋划为保障,集成有效资源进一步提升管理协调能力是一项迫在眉睫的任务。     

协调翻译理论指导下的女性主义翻译实践

协调翻译理论是资深翻译家高健先生在数十年翻译实践中提炼出来的一个全新的翻译理论,本文旨在分析协调翻译理论在性别翻译实践中的作用,以其使女性主义翻译在协调理论的指导下有所改进和完善。