20世纪前半期上海公共卫生治理中的民间组织作为

20世纪前半期上海一批倡导公共卫生的民间组织在公共卫生宣传和时疫救治中发挥了相当作用。不仅推动了政府卫生管理的改良,激发了市民的公共意识和参与意识,增进了都市的健康,而且民间组织的自愿性、主动性发挥出政府强制政策所难以企及的优势。但其存在的经费不足和组织不稳定等缺陷限制了功能的进一步发挥。     

Assessing behavioral data science privacy issues in government artificial intelligence deployment

In today's global culture where the Internet has established itself as the main tool for communication and commerce, the capability to massively analyze and predict citizens' behavior has become a priority for governments in terms of collective intelligence and security. At the same time, in the context of novel possibilities that artificial intelligence (AI) brings to governments in terms of understanding and developing collective behavior analysis, important concerns related to citizens' privacy have emerged. In order to identify the main uses that governments make of AI and to define citizens' concerns about their privacy, in the present study, we undertook a systematic review of the literature, conducted in-depth interviews, and applied data-mining techniques. Based on our results, we classified and discussed the risks to citizens' privacy according to the types of AI strategies used by governments that may affect collective behavior and cause massive behavior modification. Our results revealed 11 uses of AI strategies used by the government to improve their interaction with citizens, organizations in cities, services provided by public institutions or the economy, among other areas. In relation to citizens' privacy when AI is used by governments, we identified 8 topics related to human behavior predictions, intelligence decision making, decision automation, digital surveillance, data privacy law and regulation, and the risk of behavior modification. The paper concludes with a discussion of the development of regulations focused on the ethical design of citizen data collection, where implications for governments are presented aimed at regulating security, ethics, and data privacy. Additionally, we propose a research agenda composed by 16 research questions to be investigated in further research.     

中国式现代化的分层结构和三个建议

文章从现代化科学和战略研究角度，简要分析中国式现代化的分层结构，并就加强现代化科学研究和现代化能力建设提出3点建议。中国式现代化的分层结构大致包括概念层、战略层和实施层3个层面，每个层面包含若干内容和要点等。在文章中，概念层包括内涵和特色2个要点，战略层包括基本方针、本质要求和战略安排3个要点，实施层包括首要任务、三大支撑和应有之义3个要点；简要解释中国式现代化“是什么”“怎么做”和“关键点”。关于分层结构（“三个层面”及其“八个要点”）的分析和阐释，可为研究和推进中国式现代化提供一种系统和简洁表述，同时为深入学习和贯彻落实二十大精神提供一个新视角。     

转变财政科技经费配置管理方式，提升科技投入效能

当前我国科技投入主要矛盾已经从投入总量严重不足,转变为高质量发展科技支撑需求与投入效能不高的矛盾,需要切实解决投入不聚焦、政府科技管理职能转变滞后、科研活动与经济社会需求错位等结构性、体制性和管理性问题。为此,文章结合党的二十大报告提出的“提升科技投入效能”要求,分析我国在科技投入中的主要矛盾转变,以及制约我国科技投入效能的若干因素,最后系统地提出政策建议。