信息资源管理政策执行力影响因素研究——以《关于加强信息资源开发利用工作的若干意见》为例

本文以《关于加强信息资源开发利用工作的若干意见》为样本,研究影响信息资源管理政策执行力的相关因素,以期提高信息资源管理政策执行效率,更好地指导和规范新的政策的出台和实施。基于信息资源管理政策执行力影响因素的特点,运用系统动力学原理,通过建模和仿真对政府信息公开的程度、执行人员的素质与能力、目标群体的结构与信息素质、配套政策的协同性、信息资源管理政策的明晰性和前瞻性这五个因素进行灵敏度分析,对比各系统参数值的改变对信息资源管理政策执行力的影响程度。研究结果表明,政府信息公开的程度对信息资源管理政策执行力的影响最显著,目标群体的结构与信息素质对信息资源管理政策执行力的影响较小且有限,其余三个因素均对信息资源管理政策执行力产生不同程度的影响。结合大数据时代的发展需求,对《关于加强信息资源开发利用工作的若干意见》的修订提出建议:推进政府数据开放,建立健全配套政策协同机制,完善政策规范和体系。提出信息资源管理政策执行力的提升路径:提高政府信息公开和数据开放的程度,加强执行主体协同与信息资源开发利用活动的评估工作,增强政策制定过程的科学性,提升执行人员的素质与能力。     

How to measure students’ innovation competences in higher education: Evaluation of an assessment tool in authentic learning environments

In all sectors of the economy, the importance of innovation is underlined. Although education plays a central role in the development of human innovation skills, several studies suggest that higher education institutions cannot fulfill these demands. In such, there is a need to update pedagogical practices and develop assessment tools to measure and develop a person’s innovation capacity. The aim of this study is to test and evaluate the functioning of the earlier developed assessment tool to measure students’ innovation competences in the authentic learning environments of Finnish higher education institutions. The electronic self-assessment questionnaire was distributed to students (n = 495) from four Finnish universities of applied sciences. The results showed that the questionnaire statements formed a functional innovation competence barometer for self-assessment, including creative problem-solving, systems thinking, goal orientation, teamwork, and networking competences. The assessment tool facilitates the development of teaching, assessing, and curriculum design in higher education.     

Assessment terms half a century in the making and unmaking: from conceptual ingenuity to definitional anarchy

As the parameters of the field of educational assessment have extended past testing into learning, assessment concepts have evolved and become ever more nuanced. It is frequently lamented in the English language literature that there is insufficient conformity and clarity in the way they are defined and used. This paper offers a survey of the problem over the past five decades and scrutinises conceptualisations of a number of key assessment terms. Additionally, it argues that some of these may not, or may no longer, be necessary, and recommends the phrase ‘evaluation for learning’ as the most suitable term for embodying the spirit of using testing for improving learning and teaching. It closes by offering suggestions for tackling the problem.     

Changing approaches to classroom assessment: An empirical study across teacher career stages

Research indicates that there is considerable variability in teachers' approaches to assessment resulting in different learning cultures for students. The primary purpose of the study is to examine the relationship between teachers' approaches to assessment across a set of dimensions (including their conceptions of assessment purposes, processes, fairness, and measurement theory) and career stage. The results of this paper illustrate nuanced impacts of career stage on teachers' approaches to multiple dimensions of assessment and enable the generation of assessment profiles that provide empirical support for differences in teachers’ approaches to assessment both within and between career stages.     

Policy and evidence: a critical analysis of the Year 1 Phonics Screening Check in England

“This paper aims to present a critical analysis of the Year 1 Phonics Screening Check (PSC), with special focus on the relationship between the UK Department for Education's policy‐making and the evidence considered in the process of developing and evaluating the PSC. The reports from the in‐house Standards and Testing Agency and from commissioned external organisations with limited remits have been analysed, with emphasis on how the screening check findings have been used in DfE decision‐making. My conclusion is that the department has overestimated both the validity and the reliability of the check: partly because important sources of measurement error have not been explored, and partly because the available evidence has not been analysed in sufficient depth — or perhaps simply been ignored by the department. The whole phonics screening check seems to be the product of policy‐based evidence, rather than evidence‐based policy‐making. This has, in my view, seriously undermined the value of the PSC as a screening instrument, and one must wonder whether it is ‘fit for purpose’.     

Integrating structural tensions into technological innovation systems analysis: Application to the case of transmission interconnections and renewable electricity in Nova Scotia,Canada

This paper augments the technological innovation systems (TIS) framework to provide policy guidance on how to manage interactions between a core technology and its larger sectoral context. A TIS development cycle is presented that combines the TIS framework’s ability to clearly illuminate policy gaps with Erik Dahmén’s idea that technological diffusion creates structural tensions that introduce transformation pressure. This pressure can result in stagnation and unrealized development potential or spur sectoral complementarities and the evolution of a TIS into a larger “development block” of interlinked technological systems. Integrating structural tensions into TIS analysis highlights how the evolution of a focal technology induces technological complementarities and creates a need to continuously re-design policies. This underscores the continued benefit of a technology system perspective, even as a technology matures.The revised TIS framework is applied to a case study of the Canadian province of Nova Scotia that explores how variable renewable electricity diffusion introduces structural tensions with existing electricity grids, requiring the use of complementary technologies that add storage and flexibility. Nova Scotia aggressively developed wind energy and built a high-voltage direct-current transmission line to import hydroelectricity that could back-up variable renewable energy sources like wind.     

创新双螺旋视角下战略性海洋新兴产业培育模式与发展路径研究——以江苏为例

战略性海洋新兴产业的培育离不开重大海洋技术突破和重大发展需求的紧密结合,海洋科技创新与市场需求是推动战略性海洋新兴产业发展的两大原动力。在分析战略性海洋新兴产业内涵及其特征的基础上,基于创新双螺旋视角构建区域战略性海洋新兴产业双螺旋培育模式;以江苏省为例,探寻基于创新双螺旋视角下战略性海洋新兴产业的发展路径,为区域战略性海洋新兴产业实现跨越式发展提供借鉴。     

山东半岛国家自主创新示范区创新能力研究

山东半岛国家自主创新示范区是我国首个以海洋经济为特色的国家高新技术示范区,基于示范区的战略定位和区域特点,选取创新支撑能力、自主创新能力、产业集群与国际化3个目标层领域7个准则层因素共24个指标层指标,对示范区内6个高新区的创新能力进行评价。从总体创新水平来看,青岛市科技创新水平的发展较为成熟,处于6市首位,其次是济南,接下来是潍坊、淄博、烟台、威海。示范区内各地应以涉海高新技术产业为重点,汇集区域优势资源,实现六大高新区产业协同、错位发展,从而提高示范区的整体创新能力。     

新能源产业发展的技术开发动因

基于能源替代动态博弈视阀,建立双寡头厂商博弈模型,采用数值模拟,探究新能源产业发展的技术开发动因。结果发现:(1)新能源产业发展的能源总产出增长率主要取决技术积累效应和市场博弈效应的大小,而能源折旧率抑制新能源产业发展,能源替代率则相反;(2)在能源市场中,总存有稳态路径让知识资本和RD投入促使新能源产业发展趋向鞍点均衡;(3)技术开发是知识资本和RD投入增长的动力,正向调节新能源产业发展,促使新能源产量较高于传统化石能源剩余储量和价格较低于传统化石能源价格。因此,为发力新能源产业发展,应加快技术开发的开发创新,提高知识资本和RD投入支持。     

政府作用对共性技术协同研发绩效的影响

本文构建了政府作用、知识共享与航空装备制造业共性技术协同研发绩效的理论模型,运用结构方程模型分析方法进行实证检验。研究结果表明,政府作用对航空装备制造业共性技术协同研发绩效产生正向影响,而知识共享在二者之间起到重要的中介作用。