新建本科院校“十二五”发展战略规划的实施

战略管理是我国高等学校管理模式变革的趋势,制定切合高校自身发展实际的规划,引领学校健康和可持续发展,已成为各高校认真思考和研究的问题。本文运用战略管理理论和SWOT分析技术对新建本科院校＂十二五＂发展战略规划的战略分析、战略选择以及战略实施等进行了探析。     

中国公共领域构建之新探索——基于西方公共领域理论文化现象之解读

通过对西方公共领域理论及其中国本土化演进的再确认,发现一个长期被我国学界忽视的基本事实,即西方公共领域理论文化现象的存在。它集中表现为“国家-社会”二元模式论,并与“公私二元论”互为表里,从而很好地解释了西方公共领域理论的跨文化运用遭遇瓶颈的原因。鉴于此,在超越“国家-社会”二元模式论的基础上,尝试借鉴公共哲学中的“活私开公”理念,结合中国历史文化传统和现实境况,重新探索中国公共领域应有的内涵及其构建路径。     

Adverse childhood experiences and deleterious outcomes in adulthood: A consideration of the simultaneous role of genetic and environmental influences in two independent samples from the United States

BackgroundAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are a potent risk factor. Despite these findings, studies have also recognized the importance of considering additional sources of genetic and environmental influence that cluster within families.ObjectiveTo properly control for latent sources of genetic and within-family environmental influences and isolate the association between ACEs and the following outcomes in adulthood: physical health, depressive symptoms, educational attainment, income attainment, alcohol problems, and antisocial behavior.Participants and SettingTwo independent samples of twins and siblings from the United States: the Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) study (N = 862) and the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health; N = 3112).MethodsSibling comparison models, which control for latent sources of genetic and within-family environmental influences, were estimated to examine whether differential exposure to ACEs was associated with the examined outcomes.ResultsFamilies that experienced more adversity also experienced more deleterious outcomes. However, siblings that experienced more adversity were no more likely to experience deleterious outcomes than their co-siblings. However, greater exposure to ACEs was associated with increases in depressive symptoms (Add Health). Additional models revealed that the similarity between siblings from the same family stemmed from latent sources of within-family environmental influences not captured by traditional ACEs measures.ConclusionsConsidering genetic influences and additional latent sources of within-family influences is crucial in isolating the effects of ACEs. Currently employed ACEs measures may not adequately capture the full range of impactful sources of family-level environmental influence.     

The mental health and wellbeing of Unaccompanied Refugee Minors (URMs)

BackgroundToday, almost half of all refugees worldwide are children and adolescents, nearly a quarter of whom arrive in Europe as Unaccompanied Refugee Minors (URM). Many URMs have experienced the cumulative stress of being exposed both to the adverse environmental conditions which drive forced migration, and to the traumatic experience of displacement and resettlement. These experiences, coupled with other developmental stressors, may impede their overall development and increase their likelihood of mental health problems. Despite the evident vulnerability of URMs, much controversy currently surrounds the legitimacy of their arrival in host countries and their mental health is given little consideration.ObjectiveThis review synthesises and examines the limited published literature on the impact of traumatic refugee experiences on the mental health and development of URMs.MethodsAcademic databases and other sources were searched using key terms relating to URMs and mental health.ResultsThe findings confirm in large part that being a URM negatively influences mental health development, and that adolescence and being female are particular indicators of increased risk of psychiatric disorders. However, cultural differences in measurement and assessment of mental health are important confounding factors.ConclusionsThe current literature on youth in transit consistently paints a picture of how experiences URMs face can place a great burden on their mental health - clearly depicting an urgent need to consider their mental health within the current climate. The pressing need for improved care based on best practice is discussed.     

Theoretical and methodological implications of associations between executive function and mathematics in early childhood

Despite agreement about the importance of executive function (EF) for children’s early math achievement, its treatment in correlational studies reflects a lack of agreement about the theoretical connection between the two. It remains unclear whether the association between EF and math operates through a latent EF construct or specific EF components. Specifying the correct measurement model has important theoretical implications for the predicted effects of EF interventions on children’s math achievement. In the current study, we tested whether associations between EF and math operate via a latent EF factor, or via specific EF components using data from a large, nationally representative sample. We then replicated these same analyses with a meta-analytic database drawn from ten studies that collected measures of children’s EF and math achievement. Our results lend support to explanations that a single EF factor accounts for most of the EF component-specific associations with math achievement. We discuss theoretical and methodological implications of these findings for future work.     

湖北省高校啦啦操比赛现状及发展对策研究

对湖北省高校近三年啦啦操比赛现状进行了分析、调查和研究,找出了比赛现状中和赛场背后存在的运动员、师资力量、裁判员队伍、训练条件、比赛条件、宣传攻势等方面的问题,并提出了相关的研究对策,为啦啦操项目在湖北省高校的发展提供借鉴。     

荷兰大学教师发展研究轨迹探析

20世纪60年代以来,荷兰的大学教师发展研究顺应了其教师教育研究的发展,走过了一条从稚嫩到相对成熟的发展之路,至今仍呈现出国际化水平不断提升的良好发展态势。本文对荷兰教师教育研究的历程作简要的回顾,在此基础上,以荷兰跨校教育研究中心和莱顿大学教师教育研究院为例,具体分析该国以研究促发展的大学教师发展研究的内容与特点。     

大学教育目标如何在学生评教中得到体现——以24所世界著名大学为例

学生评教是国内外大学普遍采用的改善教育质量的手段。本文在终结型——发展型教育目标的理论框架下,整理并考察世界一流大学的学生评教指标,实证分析评教指标背后所体现的大学教育目标及模式。研究发现,国外大学的学生评教与教育目标之间具有一贯性,其指标设计同时融合了终结型和发展型取向的评教内容,后者略占优势;在地区差异上,欧洲大学偏向于发展型的教学目标,而亚太大学中终结型模式仍然表现强势。分析结果也提示我们,应更深入地理解国外大学评教指标,促进学生评教与教育目标的整合性,推动先进教学模式的形成,从而提高我国大学学生评教的有效性。     

高等农业院校农村科技服务发展战略选择

以态势分析(SWOT)定量分析为主要方法,综合运用层次分析法(AHP)、德尔菲(Delphi)专家打分法等方法,在分析与测评我国高等农业院校农村科技服务发展战略要素及其影响力度的基础上,构造战略四边形,绘制战略方向与类型谱系,确定战略模式。实证结果表明,我国高等农业院校的农村科技服务发展从总体上应该采取增长型战略(S0),选择实力型战略类型和积极进取战略模式;具体采取勇于担当服务使命、全力强化服务优势、积极优化服务方式和主动结成服务联盟等战略对策。     

基于大数据的科技创新成果精准转化模式研究

通过研究科技成果转化的模式和现状,分析基于大数据的科技创新成果转化平台的结构、要素、特征,研究提出通过科技创新成果精准转化模式来提高高校和科研院所科技创新成果的转化效率。