运动对2型糖尿病病人心血管系统的影响

运动作为2型糖尿病病人治疗的基石,以前的研究认为运动对2型糖尿病的心血管功能具有有益的作用,目前许多研究认为运动能改善大血管的功能,而对微血管的功能影响不同,本文采用文献资料法对运动对心血管的影响进行阐述。     

有氧运动与营养干预对防治糖尿病的实验研究

糖尿病是一种严重危害人类生命和健康的常见慢性疾病，被称为现代疾病中的“第二杀手”，对人体的危害仅次于癌症。本文通过有氧运动结合葛根素的干预，观察糖尿病大鼠的糖、脂代谢的变化。结果表明，有氧运动与葛根素干预后，糖尿病大鼠的高脂、高糖的现象得到了较好的控制，高脂、高糖的水平也恢复到接近正常水平。本文提示，通过有氧运动与葛根素的干预能在一定程度防治糖尿病的发生。     

A preliminary evaluation of VEGF-A,VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 in patients with well-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objective

Decompensated chronic hyperglycemia often leads to late microvascular complications such as retinopathy, diabetic foot syndrome, and diabetic kidney disease. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and its receptors in patients with well-controlled diabetes.

Methods

The study was conducted on 31 patients with well-controlled type 2 diabetes without micro-or macroangiopathy. Thirty healthy volunteers were enrolled in a control group. Serum concentrations of VEGF-A, VEGF receptors 1 and 2 (VEGFR1 and VEGFR2), fasting glucose, and lipid profiles were measured, and the plasma concentration of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was determined.

Results

No significant differences were observed between the concentration of VEGF-A, VEGFR1 or VEGFR2 in the subject group and that in the control group. Positive correlations were noted between the levels of VEGF-A, VEGFR2, and triglyceride, and there was a negative correlation between the levels of VEGFR2 and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol in the study group.

Conclusions

The concentrations of VEGF-A and its receptors 1 and 2 in patients with well-controlled diabetes are comparable to those of healthy individuals, which may indicate that appropriate control of glucose levels delays the occurrence of vascular complications. A negative correlation between VEGFR2 and HDL-cholesterol levels, and positive correlations between VEGF-A, VEGFR2, and triglyceride levels, suggest that lipid abnormalities occurring in diabetes may be involved in the modulation of angiogenesis.     

葛根与丹参对2型糖尿病大鼠模型胰岛素抵抗的影响

观察中药葛根、丹参对实验性2型糖尿病大鼠胰岛素抵抗的作用。用高热量饲料加小剂量链脲佐菌素（STZ）（30 mg/kg）注射复制2型糖尿病大鼠模型,经葛根、丹参治疗6周,测定大鼠空腹血糖、血脂、血清胰岛素等含量,并计算出胰岛素敏感指数;葛根能显著降低糖尿病大鼠空腹血糖、血脂的含量,提高胰岛素敏感指数;葛根通过改善糖脂代谢,提高胰岛素的敏感性,具有改善实验性2型糖尿病大鼠胰岛素抵抗的作用。     

Maternal Leptin,Adiponectin, Resistin,Visfatin and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha in Normal and Gestational Diabetes

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common medical complication associated with pregnancy. The present study evaluates the changes in maternal adipocytokines (leptin, adiponectin, resistin, visfatin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha; TNF-α) in pregnancy complicated with GDM compared to normal pregnancy at 2nd and 3rd trimesters. The study included total number of 142 pregnant women classified into 4 groups: normal pregnancy (n = 33) and pregnancy with GDM (n = 24) both at 2nd trimester and normal pregnancy (n = 38) and GDM (n = 47) at 3rd trimester. Both GDM groups were significantly presented with elevated body mass index, fasting blood sugar and abnormal oral glucose tolerance test compared to their matched control. Results indicated reduction in maternal serum leptin and adiponectin in GDM compared to normal pregnancy at 3rd trimester. Elevated resistin and TNF-α were evident among pregnancy complicated with GDM at both tested trimesters. On the other hand, significant elevation in maternal visfatin was noted between GDM and matched control at 2nd trimester only. Significant increase in maternal leptin and visfatin and resistin was noted by advances in gestational period in healthy pregnancy. On the other hand, reduced adiponectin and elevated visfatin mean values were noticed in GDM at 3rd compared to 2nd trimester. It could be concluded that increased insulin resistance accompanies GDM is associated with suppressed leptin and adiponectin and increased resistin and TNF-α which might suggest their involvement in the development of GDM.     

Impairment of Mitochondrial–Nuclear Cross Talk in Neutrophils of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Increased leukocyte apoptosis is intrinsically linked to disease patho-physiology, susceptibility to and severity of infections in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. A consistent defect in neutrophil function is considered central to this increased risk for infections. Although redox imbalance is considered a potential mediator of these associated complications, detailed molecular evidence in clinical samples remains largely undetected. The study consisted of three groups (n = 50 each) of Asian Indians: early diagnosed diabetic patients, cases with late-onset diabetic complications and age and gender-matched healthy controls. We evaluated mitochondrial oxidative stress, levels of nuclear DNA damage and apoptosis in peripheral blood neutrophils isolated from T2DM patients. We observed that in both early and late diabetic subjects, the HbA1c levels in neutrophils were altered considerably with respect to healthy controls. Increased oxidative stress observed in both early and late diabetics imply the disentanglement of fine equilibrium of mitochondria-nuclear cross talk which eventually effected the augmentation of downstream nuclear γH2AX activation and caspase-3 expression. It would be overly naïve to refute the fact that mitochondrial deregulation in neutrophils perturbs immunological balance in type 2 diabetic conditions. By virtue of our data, we posit that maneuvering mitochondrial function might offer a prospective and viable method to modulate neutrophil function in T2DM. Nevertheless, similar investigations from other ethnic groups in conjunction with experimental evidences would be a preeminent need. Obviously, our study might aid to comprehend this complex interplay between mitochondrial dysfunction and neutrophil homeostasis in T2DM.     

量化运动处方对2型糖尿病患者心理问题及生存质量的效果研究

目的:探讨量化运动处方对2型糖尿病患者心理及生存质量的影响。方法:将158例38~88岁符合诊断标准的2型糖尿病患者随机分为对照组和运动组,对照组给予常规治疗,运动组患者在常规治疗的基础上给予运动干预,采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)和世界卫生组织生存质量简表测定两组患者干预两个月前后的心理状态和生活质量。结果:干预2个月后,与运动前比较,运动组的SDS、SAS评分明显下降(P0.05)、WHOQOL—BREF评分明显上升(P0.05),而对照组的SDS、SAS、WHOQOL—BREF评分无统计学差异。结论:量化运动处方能明显改善2型糖尿病患者的心理健康水平,提高患者的生活质量。     

A user term visualization analysis based on a social question and answer log

The authors of this paper investigate terms of consumers’ diabetes based on a log from the Yahoo!Answers social question and answers (Q&A) forum, ascertain characteristics and relationships among terms related to diabetes from the consumers’ perspective, and reveal users’ diabetes information seeking patterns. In this study, the log analysis method, data coding method, and visualization multiple-dimensional scaling analysis method were used for analysis. The visual analyses were conducted at two levels: terms analysis within a category and category analysis among the categories in the schema. The findings show that the average number of words per question was 128.63, the average number of sentences per question was 8.23, the average number of words per response was 254.83, and the average number of sentences per response was 16.01. There were 12 categories (Cause & Pathophysiology, Sign & Symptom, Diagnosis & Test, Organ & Body Part, Complication & Related Disease, Medication, Treatment, Education & Info Resource, Affect, Social & Culture, Lifestyle, and Nutrient) in the diabetes related schema which emerged from the data coding analysis. The analyses at the two levels show that terms and categories were clustered and patterns were revealed. Future research directions are also included.     

2型糖尿病患者微量白蛋白尿与胰岛素抵抗的相关性研究

目的探讨2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者胰岛素抵抗与微量白蛋白尿（MAU）的相关关系。方法将302名RDM患者根据尿白蛋白排泄率（UAER）进行分组。采用多因素相关和回归分析评价胰岛素抵抗指数（insulin resistance index,HOMA-IR）、李光伟指数（IAI）对UAER的影响。结果随着UAER的增加,HOMA—IR逐渐升高,IAI逐渐降低。多因素相关和回归分析显示,IAI与UAER显著负相关（P〈0．01）。结论2型糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗是微量白蛋白尿的独立危险因素。