社会化问答社区中糖尿病健康信息的需求分析

为了解消费者对糖尿病信息的需求,选取雅虎问答中糖尿病相关的8762条提问记录作为研究对象,根据糖尿病信息的类目体系及分类策略对其进行人工编码,再进行文本处理,获得表征糖尿病健康信息需求的587个中心词,并通过多维尺度分析方法,对每个需求类目下的中心词进一步聚类发现,消费者对于糖尿病健康信息最大的关注点是日常疾病管理、疾病确诊和治疗,而对疾病预防缺乏应有的关注度。     

基于Citespace的糖尿病领域高被引论文作者合作模式分析

目的：构建2004－2013年糖尿病领域高被引论文主体的合作网络知识图谱,揭示主要作者、机构和国家,分析其合作模式。方法：用可视化软件Citespace绘制2004－2013年糖尿病领域高被引论文的作者、机构、国家合作网络图谱。结果：核心作者是Graham Nichol、SM Grundy和Hertzel C．Gerstein等,团体内部合作密切,团体间合作极少。核心研究机构是Harvard Univ、Brigham＆Womens Hosp、Univ Sydney等,大学成为科研的主要力量。最有影响力的发文国家是美国、英国和加拿大,合作十分密切。结论：2004－2013年糖尿病领域高被引论文主体合作模式有单点型、双核型、发展型和完备型4种。基于地缘和机构属性的合作还处于摸索与探索阶段,应进一步加强地域间,高校、医疗机构、事业单位和科研机构间的合作与交流。     

p38 MAPK Inhibitor (SB203580) and Metformin Reduces Aortic Protein Carbonyl and Inflammation in Non-obese Type 2 Diabetic Rats

Microvascular and macrovascular diseases are the main causes of morbidity in type 2 diabetes patients through chronic hyperglycaemic condition via oxidative stress and inflammation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) activate p38 MAPK phosphorylation and inflammation which enhances protein modification by carbonylation. The use of metformin and a p38 MAPK inhibitor is hypothesised to reduce ROS production and inflammation but effects of metformin and p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) on ROS production and inflammation in vascular type 2 diabetes mellitus non-obese (T2DM) have not been investigated. The Goto-Kakizaki rat T2DM model was divided into three groups as T2DM, T2DM treated with 15 mg/kg bw metformin and T2DM treated with 2 mg/kg bw SB203580 for 4 weeks. Rat aortas were isolated and protein carbonyl (PC) contents were measured by spectrophotometric DNPH assay. Aortic IL-1ß level was determined by ELISA. Results showed that aortic PC contents in the T2DM group were significantly higher than in non-diabetic rats. Treatment with metformin or SB203580 significantly reduced PC contents while only metformin significantly reduced IL-1ß levels. Findings indicated that metformin reduced ROS production and inflammation in diabetic vessels and possibly reduce vascular complications in non-obese T2DM.     

Immunoisolated Transplantation of Purified Langerhans Islet Cells in Testis Cortex of Male Rats for Treatment of Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes Mellitus

The objective of this study is to induce experimental diabetes mellitus by streptozotocin in normal adult Wistar rats via comparison of changes in body weight, consumption of food, volume of water, urine and levels of glucose, insulin and C-peptide in serum, between normal and diabetic rats. Intra-venous injection of 60 mg/kg dose of streptozotocin in 250–300 g (75–90 days) adult Wistar rats makes pancreas swell and causes degeneration in Langerhans islet β-cells and induces experimental diabetes mellitus in 2–4 days. For a microscopic study of degeneration of Langerhans islet β-cells of diabetic rats, biopsy from pancreas tissue of diabetic and normal rats, staining and comparison between them, were done. In this process, after collagenase digestion of pancreas, islets were isolated, dissociated and identified by dithizone method and then with enzymatic procedure by DNase and trypsin, the islet cells changed into single cells and β-cells were identified by immune fluorescence method and then assayed by flow-cytometer. Donor tissue in each step of work was prepared from 38 adult male Wistar rats weighted 250–300 g (75–90 days). Transplantation was performed in rats after 2–4 weeks of diabetes induction. In this study, the levels of insulin, C-peptide and glucose in diabetic rats reached to normal range as compared to un-diabetic rats in 20 days after transplantation of islet cells. Transplantation was performed under the cortex of testis as immunoisolated place for islet cells transplantation.     

A Comparative Study of Clinical Utility of Spot Urine Samples with 24-h Urine Albumin Excretion for Screening of Microalbuminuria in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Twenty-four hour urinary albumin excretion (UAE) is considered as gold standard method for albuminuria measurement, but collection of 24-h urine is inconvenient. The aim of present study was to evaluate whether albumin: creatinine ratio (ACR) and urinary albumin concentration (UAC) in different spot urine samples correlate or not with 24-h UAE for screening of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients. We collected first morning void (FMV), random urine sample (RUS) and 24-h urine, separately on consecutive days from 104 type 2 diabetic patients. ACR and UAC in each spot urine sample compared with 24-h UAE with regard to Pearson correlation coefficient. Pearson’s correlation of albumin: creatinine ratio (ACR) with 24-h UAE was (r = 0.802 and 0.623) in first morning void (FMV) and random urine sample (RUS), respectively. Pearson’s correlation coefficient of urinary albumin concentration (UAC) compared with 24-h UAE was (r = 0.943 and 0.920), in FMV and RUS, respectively, P < 0.01. Results revealed that values in first morning void (FMV) were better correlated with 24-h urinary albumin excretion (UAE), than the values in random urine sample (RUS). We conclude that the first morning void (FMV) may be able to replace 24-h urine collection, preferably urinary albumin concentration (UAC) in the initial screening of microalbuminuria in diabetic patients.     

量化运动处方对2型糖尿病患者康复治疗的临床研究

目的:观察量化运动对2型糖尿病患者血糖、血脂和体质指标的影响.方法:将80例诊断为2型糖尿病的患者按年龄分为A组(20～40岁)和B组(41～60岁),并根据体重指数(BMI)再各分为两个亚组(BMI<25,为A1、B1组,BMI≥25,为A2、B2组)进行研究.结果:3个月运动后,与运动前比较,各组的空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白均明显降低(P<0.01),总胆固醇除B2组外均明显下降(P<0.01),甘油三酯仅B1组有明显降低(P<0.05),腰围、臀围、体重在BMI≥25组均显著降低(P<0.01或0.05),但在BMI<25组差异均不显著(P>0.05).结论:量化运动处方可显著改善2型糖尿病患者的血糖、血脂和体质指标,对糖尿病的治疗有较好疗效,该系列量化运动处方为不同病情糖尿病患者选择合适自身的运动处方提供了较大的空间,可作为糖尿病常规运动治疗方案在临床中推广.     

2型糖尿病运动治疗中的力量训练

根据2010年我国相关机构最新公布的大中城市糖尿病患者调查结果显示,我国城市人口中成年人糖尿病发病率已达9.7%。由此推测中国糖尿病患者人数已达9 240万。目前,中国已成为世界第二大糖尿病人口大国,仅次于印度,其中90%是2型糖尿病。数据显示,中国每年仅用于城市糖尿病患者的医疗支出就达到187.5亿,占全国医疗总费用的3.94%。运动疗法是防治糖尿病最重要的方法之一,中等强度的有氧训练一直被用于治疗2型糖尿病,但力量训练在治疗糖尿病中的重要作用一直被忽视。本文旨在为采用力量训练治疗2型糖尿病提供理论依据和实践参考。     

中等强度有氧和抗阻运动对老年Ⅱ型糖尿病患者血液生化指标和心肺功能的影响

目的:通过检测Ⅱ型糖尿病患者血液生化指标和心肺功能的变化,探讨中等强度有氧运动和抗阻运动混合运动处方对Ⅱ型糖尿病疗效的影响。方法:将己确诊的100例Ⅱ型糖尿病患者随机分成实脸组和对照组,在同等条件下,对实脸组的患者辅以为期1年的内养功、木兰拳、太极拳等以中等强度有氧运动和以45%~60%的抗阻运动为主的运动处方治疗。结果:实验组患者的体脂百分比下降、腰臀比减小、脂肪肝改善、血压下降;血红蛋白、血脂以及心肺功能等指标在实脸前后有明显的改变,组间和组内都有显著性变化。表明系统、长期参加运动锻炼,可增强机体的代谢水平,起到减肥、降脂、降压的作用,并能有效防治糖尿病的并发症。     

有氧运动及芦荟对糖尿病大鼠肝脏抗氧化酶活性的影响

目的：研究有氧运动结合补充芦荟对糖尿病大鼠肝脏抗氧化酶活性的影响。方法：注射链脲佐菌素诱导成年雄性sD大鼠造成糖尿病模型，以观察有氧运动、补充芦荟、有氧运动结合补充芦荟对糖尿病大鼠肝脏SOD、GSH—Px、CAT、MDA的影响。结果：经8周实验后，各干预组肝脏SOD、GSH—Px、CAT活性显著高于糖尿病安静组（P〈0．05），MDA含量显著低于糖尿病安静组（P〈0．05），其中以有氧运动结合补充芦荟组变化最明显。结论：有氧运动及补充芦荟能明显提高糖尿病大鼠肝脏抗氧化酶活性，降低脂质过氧化程度，保护肝脏的超微结构不受自由基的攻击，确保肝脏正常发挥调节糖代谢的功能。     

钒盐与耐力训练干预对糖尿病大鼠代谢的影响

糖尿病作为全身代谢性疾病,为了进一步探讨特殊营养和耐力运动因素对糖尿病实施非药物控制治疗的认识,本研究在建立糖尿病大鼠模型的基础上,通过6周耐力训练、钒硫酸盐的单因素或与运动组合方式的干预性治疗,运用对比分析,从血液生化、糖、血乳酸代谢动力学方面观察了糖尿病代谢紊乱的不同适应性变化。6周钒盐的强化补充结合耐力训练空腹血糖降至6.21±1.41mmol/L(P<0.05),胰岛素恢复至18.16±2.17U/ml(P<0.05),耐力运动结合补钒盐较大程度地改善糖尿病糖和胰岛激素代谢的紊乱特征;实验中胰岛激素浓度有独立的适应性变化,提示钒盐在糖尿病治疗中的意义,以及结合耐力运动干预对胰岛细胞和血糖控制的整体作用与外周胰岛素敏感性变化的概念有可能不同;首次观察到与血糖动力学同步的OGTT血乳酸动力学过程的特点,可能反映糖尿病治疗和病情发展的诊断指标。钒盐用于控制糖尿病病程,需要进一步认识其可能机制。