Proxidant and antioxidant status in patients of type II Diabetes Mellitus with IHD

Patients with type II Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) are more prone to Ischaemic Heart Disease (IHD). Although, oxygen free radicals are known to contribute to the development of IHD, conflicting reports are available regarding the antioxidant status in patients of NIDDM complicated with IHD. This study was undertaken to investigate the oxidative status in patients of NIDDM and to assess their correlation with plasma glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin and duration of diabetes. The levels of malondialdehyde were significantly increased where as levels of superoxide dismutase, Glutathione peroxidase and vitamin C were significantly decreased in diabetics without complications and non-diabetics with IHD when compared with the controls. The levels of malondialdehyde and Glutathione peroxidase were significantly increased where as levels of superoxide dismutase and vitamin C were significantly decreased in diabetics with IHD when compared with diabetics without complications and non-diabetics with IHD. The implications of the results are discussed.     

A Comparative Study of Clinical Utility of Spot Urine Samples with 24-h Urine Albumin Excretion for Screening of Microalbuminuria in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Twenty-four hour urinary albumin excretion (UAE) is considered as gold standard method for albuminuria measurement, but collection of 24-h urine is inconvenient. The aim of present study was to evaluate whether albumin: creatinine ratio (ACR) and urinary albumin concentration (UAC) in different spot urine samples correlate or not with 24-h UAE for screening of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients. We collected first morning void (FMV), random urine sample (RUS) and 24-h urine, separately on consecutive days from 104 type 2 diabetic patients. ACR and UAC in each spot urine sample compared with 24-h UAE with regard to Pearson correlation coefficient. Pearson’s correlation of albumin: creatinine ratio (ACR) with 24-h UAE was (r = 0.802 and 0.623) in first morning void (FMV) and random urine sample (RUS), respectively. Pearson’s correlation coefficient of urinary albumin concentration (UAC) compared with 24-h UAE was (r = 0.943 and 0.920), in FMV and RUS, respectively, P < 0.01. Results revealed that values in first morning void (FMV) were better correlated with 24-h urinary albumin excretion (UAE), than the values in random urine sample (RUS). We conclude that the first morning void (FMV) may be able to replace 24-h urine collection, preferably urinary albumin concentration (UAC) in the initial screening of microalbuminuria in diabetic patients.     

2型糖尿病运动治疗中的力量训练

根据2010年我国相关机构最新公布的大中城市糖尿病患者调查结果显示,我国城市人口中成年人糖尿病发病率已达9.7%。由此推测中国糖尿病患者人数已达9 240万。目前,中国已成为世界第二大糖尿病人口大国,仅次于印度,其中90%是2型糖尿病。数据显示,中国每年仅用于城市糖尿病患者的医疗支出就达到187.5亿,占全国医疗总费用的3.94%。运动疗法是防治糖尿病最重要的方法之一,中等强度的有氧训练一直被用于治疗2型糖尿病,但力量训练在治疗糖尿病中的重要作用一直被忽视。本文旨在为采用力量训练治疗2型糖尿病提供理论依据和实践参考。     

中等强度有氧和抗阻运动对老年Ⅱ型糖尿病患者血液生化指标和心肺功能的影响

目的:通过检测Ⅱ型糖尿病患者血液生化指标和心肺功能的变化,探讨中等强度有氧运动和抗阻运动混合运动处方对Ⅱ型糖尿病疗效的影响。方法:将己确诊的100例Ⅱ型糖尿病患者随机分成实脸组和对照组,在同等条件下,对实脸组的患者辅以为期1年的内养功、木兰拳、太极拳等以中等强度有氧运动和以45%~60%的抗阻运动为主的运动处方治疗。结果:实验组患者的体脂百分比下降、腰臀比减小、脂肪肝改善、血压下降;血红蛋白、血脂以及心肺功能等指标在实脸前后有明显的改变,组间和组内都有显著性变化。表明系统、长期参加运动锻炼,可增强机体的代谢水平,起到减肥、降脂、降压的作用,并能有效防治糖尿病的并发症。     

链脲佐菌素致大鼠糖尿病模型的实验研究

目的：探讨链脲佐菌素诱导速发型SD大鼠实验性糖尿病模型的建立。方法：采用一次性向大鼠腹腔内注射链脲佐菌素的方法，实验中监测血糖，并取胰腺组织用组织化学和免疫组织化学染色，以Motic Med 6．0显微图像分析系统分析糖尿病大鼠胰岛细胞的数量改变。结果：注射48h后大鼠血糖明显升高，并出现糖尿病表现。形态学观察到胰岛萎缩，B细胞数量明显减少（P〈0．01），灰度降低。结论：一次性足量给予SD大鼠链脲佐菌素，可成功复制出速发型糖尿病动物模型，此药物导致糖尿病的机制是损伤B细胞。此建模方法简单，费用低，血糖反应敏感，为糖尿病组织病理研究及相关实验提供了一个较好模型。     

有氧运动及芦荟对糖尿病大鼠肝脏抗氧化酶活性的影响

目的：研究有氧运动结合补充芦荟对糖尿病大鼠肝脏抗氧化酶活性的影响。方法：注射链脲佐菌素诱导成年雄性sD大鼠造成糖尿病模型，以观察有氧运动、补充芦荟、有氧运动结合补充芦荟对糖尿病大鼠肝脏SOD、GSH—Px、CAT、MDA的影响。结果：经8周实验后，各干预组肝脏SOD、GSH—Px、CAT活性显著高于糖尿病安静组（P〈0．05），MDA含量显著低于糖尿病安静组（P〈0．05），其中以有氧运动结合补充芦荟组变化最明显。结论：有氧运动及补充芦荟能明显提高糖尿病大鼠肝脏抗氧化酶活性，降低脂质过氧化程度，保护肝脏的超微结构不受自由基的攻击，确保肝脏正常发挥调节糖代谢的功能。     

钒盐与耐力训练干预对糖尿病大鼠代谢的影响

糖尿病作为全身代谢性疾病,为了进一步探讨特殊营养和耐力运动因素对糖尿病实施非药物控制治疗的认识,本研究在建立糖尿病大鼠模型的基础上,通过6周耐力训练、钒硫酸盐的单因素或与运动组合方式的干预性治疗,运用对比分析,从血液生化、糖、血乳酸代谢动力学方面观察了糖尿病代谢紊乱的不同适应性变化。6周钒盐的强化补充结合耐力训练空腹血糖降至6.21±1.41mmol/L(P<0.05),胰岛素恢复至18.16±2.17U/ml(P<0.05),耐力运动结合补钒盐较大程度地改善糖尿病糖和胰岛激素代谢的紊乱特征;实验中胰岛激素浓度有独立的适应性变化,提示钒盐在糖尿病治疗中的意义,以及结合耐力运动干预对胰岛细胞和血糖控制的整体作用与外周胰岛素敏感性变化的概念有可能不同;首次观察到与血糖动力学同步的OGTT血乳酸动力学过程的特点,可能反映糖尿病治疗和病情发展的诊断指标。钒盐用于控制糖尿病病程,需要进一步认识其可能机制。     

耐力训练对正常大鼠与糖尿病大鼠糖代谢的影响

在建立糖尿病大鼠模型的基础上,通过耐力训练的治疗性干预,运用对比分析法,从血液生化、糖代谢、血乳酸代谢动力学方面观察了糖尿病代谢紊乱的不同适应性变化.讨论了不同干预因素作用后不同代谢的关系.特别注意结合运动医学和临床医学的相关方法与理论,探讨各种变化发生、发展可能的机理.     

Diabetic cardiomyopathy and reactive oxygen species (ROS) related parameters in male and female rats: A comparative study

Studies were carried out to examine and compare the effects of alloxan-diabetes on reactive oxygen species (ROS) related parameters in the heart from male and female rats. Effects of insulin treatment were also evaluated. The diabetic state severely compromised the ROS defense mechanism in the cardiac tissue and the effects were more pronounced in the female than in the male rats. There was several fold increase in the xanthine oxidase (XO) activity in general and the magnitude of increase was higher in the females; insulin treatment resulted in further increase in the XO activity. The glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and catalase activities decreased and the reduced glutathione (GSH) content in mitochondria was completely depleted in diabetic state with significant decrease in the GSH levels in the post-mitochondrial fraction; the effect was more pronounced in the females. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPox) activities increased in the diabetic state to a greater extent in male rats. Insulin treatment had restorative action only on some parameters. In conclusion, our results suggest that diabetic state may further compromise the weak ROS defense systems in the heart thus initiating a lesion at the level of mitochondria which ultimately leads to cardiomyopathy and the effects are especially more pronounced in the females. Our results also pointed out that insulin treatment was ineffective in restoring ROS related parameters.     

脂肪细胞因子及其在2型糖尿病中的作用与机制

脂肪组织不仅是储存脂肪的场所,还是一个功能活跃的内分泌器官,能分泌多种生物活性物质,这些物质统称为脂肪因子.其中有的是近几年发现的,有的则是早已发现但在最近几年才发现其在糖尿病中的作用.本文侧重对将其中的脂联素、内脏脂肪素、瘦素、肿瘤坏死因子α、抵抗素在2型糖尿病的病理生理过程中的一些作用及其机制进行探讨.