Preliminary studies on the hypoglycaemic effect ofAbroma augusta in alloxan diabetic rats

The hypoglycemic effect of the aqueous extract ofAbroma augusta (Family: Steculiceae) was studied in normal as well as alloxan diabetic rats. Treatement of diabetic rats with 4 ml (4gm dry weight) of agueous extract ofA. augusta for 16 weeks resulted in gradual but significant fall in fasting blood glucose and improvement in glucose tolerance. Serum total and LDL cholesterol and triacylglycerol which increased in diabetic rats showed improvement. These results show that the water extract ofA. augusta has both hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic effects.     

胰岛素抵抗在糖尿病伴颈动脉粥样硬化形成过程中的作用

目的　探讨老年性糖尿病患者的胰岛素抵抗与颈动脉粥样硬化之间的关系。方法　通过对 42例伴颈动脉粥样硬化的老年糖尿病患者 (CAA组 ) ,40例不伴颈动脉粥样硬化的老年糖尿病患者 (非CAA组 ) ,检测其血浆胰岛素及血糖、血脂等指标并相比较。结果　两组间InS、LDL、CHOL差异有显著性意义 (p <0 0 5 ) ,InS水平与患者LDL、CHOL间存在正相关。结论　HI(高胰岛素血症 )可能通过对糖尿病患者脂质代谢的影响 ,发挥其在动脉粥样硬化形成过程中的作用。     

格列美脲对老年2型糖尿病治疗的疗效观察

目的探讨格列美脲对老年2型糖尿病（T2DM）治疗的有效性及安全性。方法给予78例老年T2DM患者格列美脲1～4 mg降糖治疗,疗程3个月,比较治疗前后患者血糖指标变化情况。结果空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白水平均较治疗前显著变化（P〈0.05）,血压、血脂水平较治疗前无显著变化（P〉0.05）,未对患者肝肾功能产生不良影响。结论格列美脲治疗老年T2DM临床疗效良好,安全性高,不良反应小,患者服药依从性高,可作为老年T2DM的首选降糖药。     

Target blood pressure in diabetes patients with hypertension—What is the accumulated evidence in 2011?

There is overwhelming evidence that hypertension is an important risk factor for both macrovascular and microvascular complications in patients with diabetes, but the problem remains to identify appropriate goals for preventive therapies. A number of guidelines (the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)/European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) 2007, the Joint National Committee (JNC)-VII 2003, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) 2011) have for example advocated a blood pressure goal of less than 130/80 mmHg, but this suggestion has been challenged by findings in recent trials and meta-analyses (2011). The European Society of Hypertension (ESH) therefore recommends a systolic blood pressure goal of “well below” 140 mmHg. Based on evidence from both randomized controlled trials (hypertension optimal treatment (HOT), action in diabetes and vascular disease: preterax and diamicron MR controlled evaluation (ADVANCE), action to control cardiovascular risk in diabetes (ACCORD)) and observational studies (ongoing telmisartan alone and in combination with ramipril global endpoint trial (ONTARGET), international verapamil-trandolapril study (INVEST), treat to new targets (TNT), and the National Diabetes Register (NDR)), it has been shown that the benefit for stroke reduction remains even at lower achieved blood pressure levels, but the risk of coronary events may be uninfluenced or even increased at lower systolic blood pressure levels. In a recent meta-analysis, it was therefore concluded that the new recommended goal should be 130–135 mmHg systolic blood pressure for most patients with type 2 diabetes. Other risk factors should also be controlled with a more ambitious strategy applied in the younger patients with shorter diabetes duration, but a more cautious approach in the elderly and frail patients with a number of vascular or non-vascular co-morbidities. In patients from East Asia, such as China, the stroke risk is relatively higher than the risk of coronary events. This must also be taken into consideration for individualized goal setting in relation to total risk, for example in patients from stroke-prone families. In conclusion, the current strategy is to have a more individualized approach to risk factor control in patients with type 2 diabetes, also relevant for blood pressure control.     

血清胰岛素样生长因子1与心血管疾病及运动的关系

目的:探讨血清胰岛素样生长因子1(insulin-like growth fator,IGF-1)与心血管疾病、运动三者之间的关系,为进一步预防心血管疾病提供科学的依据,从而降低心血管疾病的发病率。方法:利用文献资料法、前瞻性分析与逻辑推理相结合的方法,综述有关血清IGF-1、原发性高血压、糖尿病、运动等相关资料,进一步阐述血清IGF-1与心血管疾病、运动之间的相互联系。结论:血清IGF-1在心血管疾病中发挥着重要的作用;不同的运动干预手段会对血清IGF-1产生相应的影响。     

Assessing the Validity of a Stage Measure on Physical Activity in a Population-Based Sample of Individuals With Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes

This study was designed to test the validity of a transtheoretical model's physical activity (PA) stage measure with intention and different intensities of behavior in a large population-based sample of adults living with diabetes (Type 1 diabetes, n?=?697; Type 2 diabetes, n?=?1,614) and examine different age groups. The overall specificity (classified correctly as inactive) for Type 1 diabetes was 69.3% based on the percentage of individuals in precontemplation, contemplation, and preparation not meeting Canada's PA guidelines. Sensitivity (classified correctly as active) was 82.5% based on the proportion of active participants in action and maintenance. In the Type 2 diabetes group, the overall specificity and sensitivity was 63.9% and 88.2%, respectively. No significant differences were found between the diabetes groups for stage distribution patterns, and sensitivity and specificity values. The majority of the study hypotheses related to intention and behaviors were confirmed, providing further supportive evidence for the utility of this PA staging measure for the diabetes population.     

链脲佐菌素致大鼠糖尿病模型的实验研究

目的：探讨链脲佐菌素诱导速发型SD大鼠实验性糖尿病模型的建立。方法：采用一次性向大鼠腹腔内注射链脲佐菌素的方法，实验中监测血糖，并取胰腺组织用组织化学和免疫组织化学染色，以Motic Med 6．0显微图像分析系统分析糖尿病大鼠胰岛细胞的数量改变。结果：注射48h后大鼠血糖明显升高，并出现糖尿病表现。形态学观察到胰岛萎缩，B细胞数量明显减少（P〈0．01），灰度降低。结论：一次性足量给予SD大鼠链脲佐菌素，可成功复制出速发型糖尿病动物模型，此药物导致糖尿病的机制是损伤B细胞。此建模方法简单，费用低，血糖反应敏感，为糖尿病组织病理研究及相关实验提供了一个较好模型。     

糖尿病大鼠主动脉结缔组织生长因子表达情况及氨基胍对其表达影响

目的:为探讨糖尿病患者易患动脉粥样硬化是否与结缔组织生长因子有关以及可能的干预药物.方法:建立大鼠糖尿病模型,随机分为正常对照组、糖尿病组、糖尿病盐酸氨基胍治疗组和糖尿病葛根素治疗组.应用逆转录聚合酶链式反应检测各组大鼠主动脉结缔组织生长因子mRNA表达水平.结果发现,糖尿病组大鼠主动脉结缔组织生长因子mRNA明显高于对照组(P＜0.01),葛根素治疗组和氨基胍治疗组结缔组织生长因子mRNA明显低于糖尿病组(P＜0.01),氨基胍治疗组、葛根素治疗组与对照组比较有显著差异(P＜0.05).结果:结缔组织生长因子过多表达与糖尿病患者易患动脉粥样硬化有关.结论:氨基胍、葛根素可降低糖尿病大鼠主动脉结缔组织生长因子mRNA过多表达.     

糖尿病性脂肪肝胰岛素强化治疗研究

目的:探讨糖尿病性脂肪肝胰岛素强化治疗的方法、效果,临床病理变化。方法:将42例糖尿病性脂肪肝患者分为A、B两组,分别采用静点胰岛素、皮下注射胰岛素强化治疗,肝穿刺活检检查肝组织病理变化。结果:两者间不同时相血糖及血浆胰岛素浓度有显著性差异(P<0.05);肿大肝脏恢复正常大小时间的差异有显著性(P<0.01);肝穿活检证实代谢紊乱纠正后脂肪肝可以逆转。结论:提示静点胰岛素强化治疗糖尿病性脂肪肝优于皮下注射胰岛素强化治疗。     

二甲双胍联合抗阻运动对糖尿病大鼠下丘脑TGF-β1-Smad2/3的影响

目的:探究二甲双胍联合抗阻运动干预对糖尿病大鼠的血糖的影响,以及对下丘脑TGF-β1、Smad2/3含量的影响。方法:采用高糖高脂饲料喂养结合腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(Streptozocin,STZ)注射液诱导糖尿病大鼠模型,二甲双胍和抗阻爬梯干预,Western-Blot法检测糖尿病大鼠下丘脑TGF-β1、Smad2/3蛋白表达量。结果:二甲双胍和运动均有一定降血糖效果,以药物治疗最为明显,联合干预的效果低于单独干预;二甲双胍和抗阻运动干预及其联合干预,Smad2/3、TGF-β1表达无明显的改变。结论:6周的糖尿病进程可能没有损伤大鼠下丘脑,抗阻运动和二甲双胍药物干预降低糖尿病大鼠血糖可能存在一定的抵消作用。