Oxidative Stress Correlates with Complications Among Diabetic Patients Attending a Diabetic Clinic in Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

In diabetes, persistent hyperglycemia results in increased production of free radicals especially oxygen free radicals, which can cause cell destruction and tissue injury resulting in cell dysfunction. With the premise that oxidative stress is a major cause of diabetic complications, we conducted a controlled laboratory based investigation on level of lipid peroxide levels in the serum of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic patients attending Muhimbili National Hospital. From our clinical data it was observed that majority of the patients had higher waist to hip ration and body mass index, which suggests that the patients were either overweight or obese. The enrolled diabetic patients had higher lipid peroxide levels than controls and also Type 2 patients had higher lipid peroxide levels than Type 1 patients. Moreover, patients with known complications had higher lipid peroxide levels than patients without complications. The lipid peroxide levels in the diabetic patients were significantly different from that of the control subjects enrolled in the study. A majority of the diabetic patients had a poorly controlled blood sugar. Our finding hints that despite the fact that diabetic patients in our clinic are on follow up, they are at a risk of developing coronary heart diseases, neuropathy and other secondary diabetic complications.     

Effect of a Prolonged Altitude Expedition on Glucose Tolerance and Abdominal Fatness

In the present study, we investigated the effect of a long-term mountain expedition on glucose tolerance and insulin action. Twelve registered mountaineers ages 31 years (SD = 1.1) participated in a 25-day expedition at a 2,200-3,800-m altitude with an average duration of 8 hr per day. Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) was substantially reduced during hiking. Glucose tolerance and insulin responses were measured prior to and twice during the expedition period. Maximal oxygen consumption increased from 43.0 ± 2.7 to 49.1 ± 2.2 mL/kg/min. Percentage of body fat decreased from 19.4 ± 6.8% to 16.9 ± 5.9%. The area under the curves for insulin and glucose during the oral glucose tolerance test were also reduced in Days 3 and 25. The present study demonstrated that altitude hiking activity is an effective lifestyle intervention to improve insulin action.     

系统性健康教育对糖尿病患者疾病不确定感的影响

探讨系统性健康教育模式对糖尿病患者疾病不确定感的影响.方法 将2010年6月一2011年6月在我院内分泌科住院的132例糖尿病患者,采用Mishel疾病不确定感量表,按入院先后顺序分为观察组和对照组,每组各66例,观察组采用“面对面”的系统性健康教育方法,对照组只接受传统的健康教育方法.两组患者均在住院当天和出院前1天采用疾病不确定感量表测评.结果观察组出院前1天与入院当天比较P＜0.01,前后有统计学差异,说明经过系统化健康教育对观察组患者的疾病不确定感的得分有显著的影响;出院前1天,观察组与对照组比较P＜0.01,组间差异有统计学意义,说明经过系统化健康教育对观察组患者的疾病不确定感的得分的影响更显著.结论 对糖尿病患者提供系统性健康教育,能显著降低其疾病不确定感.     

Antidiabetic effect of Withania coagulans in experimental rats

The present study defines the systematic evaluation and the role of minerals in glycemic potential of aqueous extract of Withania coagulans fruits in order to develop an effective and safe alternative treatment for diabetes mellitus. Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy was used for glycemic element detection. The study is based on the results of lowering in blood glucose levels of normal, sub, mild and severely diabetic rats assessed during fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance test and post prandial glucose studies. The dose of 1000mg/ kg was identified as the most effective dose, which reduces the Fasting Blood Glucose level maximum by 33.2% at 4h in normal rats during fasting blood glucose studies. Glucose tolerance test studies of normal, sub and mild diabetic rats showed the maximum reduction of 15.7, 28.9 and 37.8% at 3h respectively. Long-term study in case of severely diabetic rats showed reduction of 52.9 and 54.1% in Fasting Blood Glucose and Post Prandial Glucose levels respectively after 30 days of treatment. The present study, besides confirming hypoglycemic and antidiabetic activities of aqueous extract of W. coagulans, helps in identifying the role of trace minerals like Mg & Ca responsible for antidiabetic potential of this potent indigenous shrub.     

糖尿病性脑卒中患者早期按摩配合运动疗法疗效分析

目的:研究糖尿病性脑血管病患者的康复问题,探讨采用以神经发育疗法和运动再学习技术为主的运动疗法,同时结合早期手法按摩在不同类型糖尿病性脑血管病患者康复治疗中的作用,为糖尿病性脑血管病患者的康复提供临床依据.方法:将80例38～73岁确诊为糖尿病性脑血管病的患者随机分为三组进行研究.结果:一个月的观察期后,各组患者的运动功能、日常生活活动能力均有改善,但综合康复组患者的疗效优于按摩组和对照组(P<0.05).接受相同方法治疗(综合康复或按摩)后的不同类型(缺血性或失血性)脑卒中相互比较,MBI与FMA评分增加幅度虽有不同,但差异不显著(P>0.05).结论:早期手法按摩治疗可以显著改善不同类型糖尿病性脑卒中患者的运动功能和日常生活活动能力,但手法按摩配合运动疗法的综合康复效果要明显好于单纯的手法按摩,相同治疗对不同类型糖尿病性脑卒中疗效是一致的.     

2型糖尿病运动处方的研究进展

糖尿病已成为世界第3大疾病,目前尚无有效的治愈方法.本文作者通过阅读大量文献,总结出糖尿病的有效运动疗法,望对糖尿病患者有所帮助.     

Influence of pranayamas and yoga-asanas on serum insulin,blood glucose and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes

A distinguishable feature of type 2 diabetes besides hyperglycemia and deranged lipid profile is an impaired insulin secretion, peripheral insulin resistance and obesity which has become a major health concern worldwide. India with an estimated 31million diabetics in 2000 and 79mllions by the yr 2030 has the highest number of type 2 diabetics in the world. In this study, we aimed to see if yoga-asanas and pranayamas have any influence in modifying certain biochemical parameters. Sixty patients of uncomplicated type 2 diabetes (age 35–60 yrs of 1–10 yrs duration) were divided into two groups: Group 1 (n=30): performed yoga along with the conventional hypoglycemic medicines and group 2 (n=30): patients who only received conventional medicines. Duration of the study was 45 days. Basal recordings of blood glucose (fasting and post-prandial), lipid profile and serum insulin were taken at the time of recruitment and the second reading after forty five days. Results showed a significant improvement in all the biochemical parameters in group 1 while group 2 showed significant improvement in only few parameters, thus suggesting a beneficial effect of yoga regimen on these parameters in diabetic patients.     

Protective influence of vitamin E on the antioxidant defence system in the whole blood and liver of normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats

The effect of oral administration of vitamin E for twenty-eight consecutive days on blood glucose, reduced glutathione levels, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase activities), and levels of malondialdehyde (as an index of free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation) was observed in the whole blood and liver of normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. It was found that oral administration of vitamin E significantly (p<0.05) lowered the blood glucose level and increased the body weight of the diabetic rats. The activities of superoxide dismutase and levels of reduced glutathione increased significantly (p<0.05) while the level of lipid peroxidation decreased.     

Study of glycemic profile of Cajanus cajan leaves in experimental rats

The present study deals with the evaluation of glycemic profile of aqueous extract of Cajanus cajan leaves in streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetic rats. Single oral administration of graded doses of aqueous extract of Cajanus cajan leaves showed significant increment of 14.3 % in fasting blood glucose levels of normal rats. The sub diabetic and mild diabetic models have also shown hyperglycemic effect from the same variable doses of the extract. The dose of 1000 mg/kg showed the maximum rise of 17.1, 71.2 and 50.7 % in Blood glucose levels of normal, sub and mild diabetic rats respectively during glucose tolerance test. The study of leaves was taken into consideration on the basis of earlier reported hypoglycemic activity of Cajanus cajan seeds. However the results observed were found just opposite and therefore it may be useful in controlling hypoglycemia, occasionally caused due to excess of insulin and other hypoglycemic drugs.