RBC membrane composition in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in context of oxidative stress

Glyco-oxidation is considered as a source of permanent, cumulative, oxidative damage to long lived proteins in ageing and in diabetes. Although RBC depends solely on glucose for energy purpose, hyperglycemic state glycosylates hemoglobin, creates oxidative stress and puts the cellular components at risk. In view of this, RBC membrane composition was analyzed in diabetic patients. The results were compared with healthy age and sex matched control groups. When RBC membrane components such as protein, sialic acid, phospholipids and cholesterol were determined in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, a significant rise in phospholipids and cholesterol and significant fall in sialic acid and protein content was noted. RBC membrane composition showed pronounced alterations in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. These changes were accompanied by higher levels of lipid peroxidation products like Malondialdehyde.     

Salivary proteolytic activities in periodontitis, gingivitis and diabetes mellitus

Elastase activity was found to be significantly increased in periodontitis (0.872±0.4270 absorbance units/mg protein, mean±S. D., 1.05±0.61 units/ml saliva), gingivitis (0.772±0.416 units/mg protein, 1.515±0.952 units/ml) and diabetes (0.549±0.286 units/mg protein, 1.20±0.769 units/ml) compared to normals (0.255±0.089) units/mg protein, 0.264±0.079 units/ml). Chymotryptic activity was not found to be increased in these disease conditions over the normal level (0.284±0.096 units/mg protein). Aminopeptidase activity was elevated only in periodontitis (0.670+0.140 units/mg protein) compared to normals (0.349±0.100 units/mg protein). Trypsin-like activity was also found to be significantly raised in periodontitis compared to normals when Pro-Phe-Arg-p-nitroanilide (0.666±0.204 units/mg protein), Ile-Pro-Arg-p-nitroanilide (1.59±0.260 units/mg protein) and Pyroglu-Pro-Arg-p-nitroanilide (1.82±0.380 units/mg protein) were used as substrates. The normal values with these three substrates were respectively, 0.454±0.110, 1.04±0.231 and 1.15±0.312 units/mg protein. Total protein level in saliva was found to be significantly elevated in gingivitis (209±66.8 mg/dl) and diabetes (204±68.0) compared to normal values (107±20.7). Increase in periodontitis was marginal (127±28.3 mg/dl). Expression of proteolytic activities normalized to protein level was useful in differential diagnosis. Increase in elastase level in saliva is not a specific marker for periodontal diseases.     

Acetylation Pharmacogenetics and Renal Function in Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Activities of human hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes N-acetyl transferase (NATS) had earlier been recognized as a cause of inter-individual variation in the metabolism of drugs. Therefore acetylation of many drugs in human exhibit genetic polymorphism. The aim of the study was to investigate if acetylator status predispose diabetic mellitus patients more to the complications of renal disease, One hundred and twenty (120) diabetics consisting of (50) Type 1 (T₁) and 70 Type 2 (T₂) diabetes mellitus patients and 100 healthy individuals as controls were classified as slow or rapid acetylator using sulphamethazine (SMZ) as an in vivo probe. The percentage acetylation, recovery of SMZ, creatinine clearance and presence of urinary albumin were determined. A significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed in the percentage of SMZ acetylated between slow and rapid acetylators in control, T₁ and T₂ subjects. The ratios of slow to rapid acetylators for T₁, T₂ and control subjects were 1:4, 3:2 and 2:3 respectively. No significant differences were observed in the percentage of SMZ recovered in the urine of slow and rapid acetylators that are diabetics. The difference in creatinine clearance of slow and rapid acetylators in T₁ and T₂ were significant (P < 0.05). 29% out of 120 (24.2%) diabetics (T₁ and T₂) exhibited albuminuria out of which 25 (86.2%) had slow acetylator status. These findings suggest that slow acetylator status in diabetes mellitus could be a predisposing factor in the development of renal complications. This underscores the need for a rapid pharmacogenetic testing and therapeutic drug monitoring in such patients. However this inference could be further validated with a larger sample size.     

NIDDM合并肺部感染患者的免疫功能变化研究

[目的]通过对免疫球蛋白(IgA、IgG、IgM),补体(C3、C4),T淋巴细胞亚群(CD3、CD4、CD8),可溶性白细胞介素2受体(SIL-2R)的检测,研究这些免疫指标与NIDDM(非胰岛素依赖性糖尿病)合并肺部感染患者的关系.[方法]采用双抗夹心法测SIL-2R,速率散射比浊法测免疫球蛋白和补体,单克隆法测淋巴细胞亚群等免疫指标.[结果]①糖尿病及其合并感染组SIL-2R显著高于正常对照组(P<0.01).CD4/CD8显著低于正常对照组(P<0.05);②合并感染组较正常对照组IgG、IgA、C3、C4显著升高(P<0.05、P<0.01、P<0.05、P<0.05),IgM无显著变化(P<0.05).[结论]NIDDM合并肺部感染可加重糖尿病及机体免疫功能低下,NIDDM合并肺部感染T淋巴细胞亚群(CD3、CD4、CD8),补体(C3、C4)免疫球蛋白(IgA、IgG)可溶性白细胞介素2受体(SIL-2R)的检测,可作为糖尿病及其合并感染者的病情变化的客观指标.     

银杏叶提取物对糖尿病的药效学研究

研究表明银杏叶提取物有广泛的药理作用及，临床应用价值，其化学成分种类较多。目前，临床上应用银杏叶提取物治疗糖尿病及其并发症已取得良好效果。     

运动干预对2型糖尿病治疗效果的影响

对98例门诊2型糖尿病病人在其他治疗措施不变的情况下,采取运动干预,对运动干预前后血糖控制有效率进行比较,差异具有显著意义(P＜0.05).说明积极有效的运动干预可以有效降低血糖并提高其他治疗方法对控制血糖的作用.     

非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病患者血清SA水平变化的研究

目的:研究非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病(NIDDM)患者血清唾液酸(SA)水平的变化及其临床意义。方法:对45名健康人和106名非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病患者血清采用单一试剂显色法,测定其唾液酸含量。结果:非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病患者血清中唾液酸水平随病程的延长而升高,且有并发症患者与无并发症患者血清唾液酸水平也相差显著。结论:检测非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病患者血清中唾液酸的水平对病情的判定和并发症的预测,有一定的使用价值,也为临床提供了更有价值的预后判断指标。     

超敏CRP和血脂在糖尿病并发大血管病变中的临床应用研究

目的:研究血清超敏C-反应蛋白(Hs-CRP)和血脂与糖尿病并发大血管病变的关系。方法:对健康对照组105例以及119例糖尿病患者(其中并发大血管病变者51例,无大血管病变68例)检测血清Hs-CRP、TC、TG、HDL-C和LDL-C。结果:Hs-CRP健康对照组为1.05±0.59,与糖尿病无论合并大血管病变与否均有显著性增高(P<0.01)。糖尿病合并大血管病变组TC、TG、LDL-C比健康对照组有显著性增高(P<0.01),而HDL-C三组之间无显著性差异。结论:Hs-CRP、TC、TG和LDL-C与糖尿病并发大血管病变有密切关系,而HDL-C与糖尿病并发大血管病变没有关联,因而血清超敏CRP与TC、TG及LDL-C联合检测对大血管并发症的检测、预防和治疗具有很好的价值。     

个体健康教育对老年糖尿病患者治疗依从性及生活质量的影响

目的:探讨两种不同方式的健康教育对老年糖尿病患者治疗依从性及生活质量的影响。方法:将100例住院老年糖尿病患者随机分为集中健康教育组和个人健康教育组,分别给予集中健康教育和个体化健康教育,利用依从性调查表、生活质量量表和生化检测分别观察健康教育前后两组患者依从性、生活质量和治疗效果的变化。结果:健康教育前,两组患者依从性和生活质量及生化指标均无显著性差异,两组患者实施健康教育后,依从性、生活质量显著提高,且个体化健康教育效果明显优于集中健康教育(P<0.01)。结论:个体化健康教育能有效的提高老年糖尿病患者依从性和生活质量,更为有效地帮助老年糖尿病患者达到控制疾病的目的。     

628例尿沉渣检验中几个问题的分析探讨

目的:通过对门诊628例尿常规检查结果的分析,说明尿常规检查做到细致准确的必要性以及实际体会。方法:尿常规检查采用手工标准化方法结合干化学试带法,使结果更加准确可靠。结果:尿糖阳性的病人尿液中真菌检出率为11.8％。而尿糖阴性的病人尿液中真菌检出率为0.5％(P<0.01);肉眼血尿病人尿液脱落细胞检查可以为临床提供泌尿系肿瘤的信息;尿沉渣中红细胞达满视野/高倍,随蛋白尿加重,出现的频率增多,且红细胞形态呈非均一性比率增大(P<0.01)。结论:尿常规检查不但要做准,而且要求做得更细,真正为临床提供及时可靠的诊疗依据。