一致与冲突:民主政治与市场经济的逻辑关系分析

民主的本质是人民的权力和统治,实行有限多数原则,是解决冲突的方式.市场通过分散的决策来实现个人权益,间接促进社会福利的增加,是资源配置的一种方式.从民主的本质和市场的逻辑来看,二者有一致性,表现为一些原则的契合、民主对市场经济有依赖性、民主能纠正市场经济的不平等后果;二者在一些原则上也有冲突,市场经济也可能引发民主危机,民主也会冲击市场经济.因此,二者充满了联系和矛盾.     

配额分配方式对不同区域碳交易市场运行效率的研究

针对我国区域碳市场多样性的特点及区域试点碳交易市场运行效率不高的问题,本文通过基于Swarm平台的碳交易市场仿真系统,模拟几种初始分配方式下具有不同行业分布特征的区域碳排放权交易市场,从流动性、波动性和有效性三个方面衡量碳市场运行效率。考察碳配额初始分配方式对具有不同行业分布特征的区域碳市场运行效率的影响。研究结果表明,在低能耗行业聚集区域采用祖父制分配方式时,流动性较高,波动性稳定,且碳市场达到了弱式有效,为最优的分配方式。在高低能耗行业散布型区域及高能耗行业密集型区域中混合分配方式虽然提升了流动性,但碳市场均未达到弱式有效,则配额分配应考虑向拍卖方式转移,既能推动企业形成高效的生产模式,也有利于形成透明的碳配额市场交易价格,以达到最优的资源配置。     

Assessing behavioral data science privacy issues in government artificial intelligence deployment

In today's global culture where the Internet has established itself as the main tool for communication and commerce, the capability to massively analyze and predict citizens' behavior has become a priority for governments in terms of collective intelligence and security. At the same time, in the context of novel possibilities that artificial intelligence (AI) brings to governments in terms of understanding and developing collective behavior analysis, important concerns related to citizens' privacy have emerged. In order to identify the main uses that governments make of AI and to define citizens' concerns about their privacy, in the present study, we undertook a systematic review of the literature, conducted in-depth interviews, and applied data-mining techniques. Based on our results, we classified and discussed the risks to citizens' privacy according to the types of AI strategies used by governments that may affect collective behavior and cause massive behavior modification. Our results revealed 11 uses of AI strategies used by the government to improve their interaction with citizens, organizations in cities, services provided by public institutions or the economy, among other areas. In relation to citizens' privacy when AI is used by governments, we identified 8 topics related to human behavior predictions, intelligence decision making, decision automation, digital surveillance, data privacy law and regulation, and the risk of behavior modification. The paper concludes with a discussion of the development of regulations focused on the ethical design of citizen data collection, where implications for governments are presented aimed at regulating security, ethics, and data privacy. Additionally, we propose a research agenda composed by 16 research questions to be investigated in further research.     

“十四五”时期高校科技创新注意力配置研究 -基于“双一流”高校“十四五”规划文本分析

基于有限理性决策者注意力理论，运用Nvivo11质性分析软件对我国25所“双一流”建设高校“十四五”规划文本进行分析，研究高校科技创新注意力配置情况。研究发现，复旦大学、北京大学、西安交通大学、武汉大学在“十四五”时期给予科技创新的注意力最高，中部地区高校给予科技创新力的注意力最高，综合类高校给予科技创新的注意力最高；总体而言，高校之间、不同类型高校之间、不同区域高校之间，科技创新注意力配置差异比较大。因此，建议高校要动态地调整对科技创新注意力的配置策略，主动支撑高水平科技自立自强，高质量服务国家战略需求。     

高校科技创新绩效的驱动因素与提升路径研究

以中国内地28个省（区、市）高校为研究样本，应用模糊集定性比较分析法，从战略协同和科技资源配置两个维度选取具有代表性的5个变量，探讨影响高校科技创新绩效的驱动因素。研究发现，我国高校科技创新绩效总体偏低且区域异质性较强，人力资源配置是提升高校科技创新绩效的必要条件，财力资源配置是提升高校科技创新绩效的核心条件，提升高校科技创新绩效的路径选择存在地区差异，存在包括资源协同配置型、资源内在配置型和人才主导协同型这3条绩效提升路径，最后提出相应的对策建议。