中国各地区R&D经费资源分布差异及变动趋势分析

R&D经费是保证R&D活动的必要资源之一.本文应用熵值法,选取时间跨度在10年以上的最新经济数据,经过可比化处理,对我国不同区域的R&D经费及R&D经费强度进行分析,以探讨我国不同区域R&D经费资源分布及变化趋势.     

Distributed R&D, cross-regional knowledge integration and quality of innovative output

We explore the impact of geographic dispersion of a firm's R&D activities on the quality of its innovative output. Using data on over half a million patents from 1127 firms, we find that having geographically distributed R&D per se does not improve the quality of a firm's innovations. In fact, distributed R&D appears to be negatively associated with average value of innovations. This suggests that potential gains from access to diverse ideas and expertise from different locations are, on average, offset by difficulty in achieving integration of knowledge across multiple locations. To investigate whether the innovating teams that do manage cross-fertilization of ideas from different locations achieve more valuable innovations, we analyze innovations for which there is evidence of such knowledge cross-fertilization along any of the followings dimensions: knowledge sourcing from other locations within the firm, having at least one inventor with cross-regional ties, and having at least one inventor that has recently moved from another region. Analysis along all three dimensions consistently reveals a direct positive effect cross-regional knowledge integration has on innovation quality, as well as a positive interaction effect of cross-regional knowledge integration and distributed R&D for innovation quality. More generally, our findings provide new evidence regarding the importance of cross-unit integrative mechanisms for achieving superior performance in multi-unit firms.     

网格技术

本文介绍了许多有关网格技术的知识,特别是基于网格的应用技术。     

计及分布式发电的配电网潮流计算

分布式电源（DG）的接入对配电系统有着重要的影响，文中介绍了计及分布式发电装置的配电网潮流计算技术的研究现状，主要包括DG模型的建立以及算法的改进研究两方面。简述计及分布式发电的配网潮流计算技术的发展方向。     

关于密度函数公式的注记

给出了Z=X^2/a^2＋Y^2/b^2,Z=X^2/a^2-Y^2/b^2,Z=√X^2/a^2＋Y^2/b^2,Z=Y/aX^2的密度函数公式.     

普适计算的应用和展望

介绍了普适计算的概念、特征、用途及其相关技术, 阐述了普适计算的发展和应用前景.     

集散控制系统及发展趋势

集散控制系统是７０年代中期发展起来的新型数字控制系统。它是计算、控制、信息管理、通讯和图形显示技术相结合的产物,是完成过程控制和信息管理的现代化装置。并己广泛应用于各个行业的过程控制中,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益。它的发展一直代表着自动化控制领域的发展方向和水平。     

数据移动技术的选择与实现

数据移动技术是分布式数据库中非常重要的技术之一。本归纳总结了分布式数据库中的数据移动技术，从本质上将现有的数据移动技术分为在线、同步、复制三类技术。在线技术系统可以达到绝对的一致性，但该技术对网络要求很高，且在节点较少时才比较有效。同步技术可以支持大量节点，异构和级联环境，要求有效的网络连接，存在一定的一致性延时。复制技术比较灵活，支持大量节点，异构和级联环境；可以在较好的网络环境，也可以在无直接或网络环境恶劣的情况下使用；存在一定的一致性延时，也可达到准实时的一致性。这三类数据移动技术的应用和选择，主要取决于业务需求和可用的技术架构以及系统对一致性和延时的要求。     

Critical factors influencing secondary school pupil’s decisions to study computing in tertiary education: Gender differences

This paper aims to determine the factors affecting the decisions of both male and female secondary school pupils whether or not to pursue undergraduate studies in Computing. It is based on research conducted in Greece, on a sample of 248 pupils, 135 of whom were female. All were aged 17 and about to decide on their future undergraduate studies. Questionnaires were used, addressing issues in the following four main categories: a) the reasons pupils chose/rejected Computing, b) how family and friends, the media and the school environment contribute to their decision, c) how pupils perceived their future after studying Computing and d) how pupils perceived the profile of a computer professional in terms of gender.

基于P2P的数字图书馆资源分布式存储方案

针对数字图书馆资源存储可扩展性及可靠性方面的问题,提出了一种基于P2P的数字图书馆资源分布式存储系统,阐述了该系统的体系结构,并重点给出了系统的P2P动态路由机制、自适应副本管理策略及实验分析结果.