香港中小学教育公平的实践

入学机会在香港虽早已普及,但这并不代表香港中小学教育是公平的。为了检视香港教育公平的实践,本文回顾了香港回归后与教育公平有关的教育政策争议,从学童的性别、贫穷家庭子女、特殊学习需要学童、少数族裔学童、新来港与跨境学童等几方面剖析了香港中小学在教育公平方面的实施情况,并就探讨香港教育公平课题提出了进一步的建议。     

教育财政公平与农民工子女教育机会均等

随着改革开放的深入和城市化进程的加快,我国农民工规模不断扩大,其适龄入学子女也逐渐增多。但由于历史和社会经济等方面的原因,他们中相当一部分,无论是在家乡的农村还是在客居的城镇,都没有得到公正的对待和较好的教育,农民工子女教育公平问题日趋严峻。农民工子女教育面临的困境主要是由政府公平财政责任缺位造成的。各级政府财政努力程度不够导致农民工子女教育经费投入不足,财政制度缺陷造成农民工子女教育资源配置不公,部门、地方利益造成农民工子女教育经费筹措措施不力。要解决新时期农民工子女教育机会不均等的问题,必须做到:遵守和完善现有法律,依法治理农民工子女教育;树立教育公平理念,加大对农民工子女的财政资助;最重要的是进行制度改革,逐步改革以户籍制度为基础的教育资源配置体制,逐步规范农民工子女教育经费的筹措渠道和建立较完善的教育财政转移支付制度。     

Orienting Schools Toward Equity: Subgroup Accountability Pressure and School-Level Responses

Abstract

This article examines school-level responses to subgroup accountability pressure through an ethnographic case study of a school cited for failing to make adequate yearly progress for student subgroups. Concerns about the calculations and measures used to derive the citation and reservations about acting on accountability data delegitimized the citation and rendered the identified subgroups irrelevant to daily practice. Under district guidance, compliance with subgroup accountability was independent of the school's internal efforts to promote equity.     

我国义务教育财政公平的经验研究——基于浙江省普通小学数据的分析

教育公平是社会公平的重要基础,教育公平是社会公平在教育领域的延伸,也是达到社会公平的重要手段和途径。但学界对我国教育制度和政策公平性的研究缺乏实证考量,所提出的观点缺少客观数据分析的支持。利用一种较为新颖的度量方法,并基于2005—2006年浙江省普通小学区县级数据对义务教育财政公平程度的经验研究,发现近年来浙江省的义务教育财政改革促进了横向公平的提升,但纵向公平的"一免"(免教科书)目标没有实现。浙江省级政府应该大幅改变"一免"公平要素的权重,适当调整"一补"(寄宿生补助)公平要素的权重。     

论公平理论对教师激励的应用

在影响教师工作积极性的诸多因素中,公平感是极为重要的因素.美国行为科学家亚当斯的公平理论能帮助学校管理者科学地分析教师的公平感,有效地实施公平激励,以提升教师的公平感.     

The Centros Concertados in Spain, Parental Demand and Implications for Equity

In Spain, the exercise of choice by parents of a suitable school for their children is not practised by all families in the same way. The evidence shows that an increasing social polarisation and a substantial disequilibrium in schooling are taking place in compulsory education. There is a high concentration of immigrant students in public schools in contrast with what happened in the centros concertados (private schools with public funding). This situation is especially unbalanced in some Autonomous Communities, such as the Community of Madrid, Catalonia, Valencia and Andalusia. The inequalities in the distribution of students in the network of public schools and private schools financed by public funds are producing significant responses from parents, teachers, experts, and also from other social groups. Some of the proposals made by different experts and by the Spanish Ministry of Education are analysed in order to reach to a quality education in more equitable conditions for all students.     

A different type of charter school: in prestige charters,a rise in cachet equals a decline in access

This paper seeks to elucidate a specific type of charter school. While much has been written about school choice and the expanding charter school segment, a growing and important number of charter schools do not fit in to the common understanding of these schools. Distinct from many of their counterparts, prestige charter schools have the following two features: elements which foster a reputation similar to that of elite private schools and a student population demographically distinct from local public district schools – whereby the prestige charters serve a disproportionate number of advantaged families. The prestige elements include: founding by advantaged community members; parental involvement; wait lists; popularity with advantaged professionals; high test scores; and niche themes. The authors will show through two in-depth case studies that prestige charter schools work hand-in-hand with gentrification in urban neighborhoods, and result in racial and class segregation and inequality. This paper examines how these charter schools struggle when a rise in prestige coincides with a decline in access for low-income students. The authors recommend that given the current system of school choice, prestige charter schools must use tools and mechanisms to maintain demographic diversity and educational equity which is in the best interest of all children.     

试论地方高校财政拨款体制的多元化结构

地方高校财政拨款体制多元化结构是伴随着地方高校管理体制多元化而逐步形成的 ,但这种体制结构在效率与公平方面所表现出来的问题和困难 ,并不是高等教育管理体制改革的必然结果 ,恰恰相反 ,所有这些问题的存在正是地方高等教育管理体制改革还不彻底 ,新的体制还不完善的自然反映。地方高校财政拨款体制需进一步改革调整     

长期股权投资收益确认问题的探讨

长期股权投资收益的核算方法有成本法和权益法两种。在权益法下应根据投资比例和被投资企业的盈利确认投资收益，但是，这样处理不符合资产的定义和会计准则的基本要求，也是通货膨胀产生的重要原因。因此，在反映双方内在经济利益关系的基础上，有必要按收付实现制核算投资收益。     

全球化是否有助于教育公平？

自20世纪末迄今,全球化在资本主义沃土的滋润下,已经蔚为世界的潮流。全球化一方面有现代性的特质,另一方面,也呈现后现代思潮的特征。教育在此全球化的不同样貌中,必须认清现代与后现代思潮的利弊得失,并批判地融合两者,方能确保教育公平和社会正义。从现代和后现代思维,厘清与批判全球化的趋势和内涵,并透过分析、诠释与批判方法,为教育在全球化趋势下,找到一条有助于促进教育迈向公平和正义的方向。