New Perspectives on the Study of Particulate Matter Deposition within Historic Interiors

ABSTRACT

This paper proposes a new way of interpreting particulate matter deposition indoors. The rate of deposition of dust in surfaces is presented as the result of the combination of two main factors: the concentration of suspended particles close to surfaces, and their capacity to deposit, expressed as the deposition velocity. We suggest that either of these two factors can be altered in order to mitigate deposition. The implications of this perspective are explored using in-situ measurements in a historic property (Apsley House, London) and a computational fluid dynamics model of aerosol deposition. The cases studied involve the effect of outdoor wind on the ingress of particles, the consequences of leaving the main door open, and the effects of the ventilation system on deposition. The results demonstrate that simulations can be used reliably to explore hypothetical scenarios or situations that would be experimentally challenging. The inputs and outputs of the computational model are discussed in view of its usability in preventive conservation.     

Weather-Talk,Cynicism, and Agriculture

For the agriculturist, weather-talk performs two significant rhetorical acts that display cynicism toward nature: first, a faith in technology; and second, a conviction in the cultural myths associated with stewardship toward nature. This study explores these two themes by discussing the results of ethnographic interviews conducted with farmers. Whereas Aldo Leopold (1949 Leopold , A. ( 1949 ). A sand county almanac . London : Oxford University Press . [Google Scholar]) articulated a need for a moral relationship with nature, this study illustrates that contemporary weather-talk amends stewardship with rhetorical cynicism. The stewardship ethic embodied by agriculture is transcended into a cynicism whereby nature is distrusted and elusive.     

《尘埃落定》与《铁皮鼓》的叙事视角比较研究

通过对《尘埃落定》与《铁皮鼓》这两部小说的文本分析,我们可以看出,二者都采用了第一人称“我”,傻子,儿童这样三种叙述视角。从宏观上看,它们都使用这三种叙述视角;从微观上看,二者又有相异之处,各有独特之处。     

阿来《尘埃落定》里傻子和美女的婚恋悲剧

《尘埃落定》一反传统的英雄或才子加美人的喜剧婚恋模式，写了一个非同一般的傻子和美女的非同一般的婚恋悲剧，这种悲剧不仅是红颜女子的，也是男人的，也是命运的。     

历史学与环境问题研究

在环境问题的研究中,历史学有着怎样的价值?这是关系到历史学研究环境问题之合法性的问题。回答这个问题的关键,在于环境问题本身的特点与历史研究的一致性上。环境问题关乎自然,但实质上却是一个社会历史问题,它具有累积突发、性质复杂、责任具体、影响持久、治理艰难等特点,这些都可纳入历史学的研究视野。在以往的环境问题研究中,历史学已经显露出自己的特色,那就是关注多重社会因素间的联系,挖掘深层次的文化根源,细腻而生动地描述事件原委,旗帜鲜明地宣扬价值取向,为现实的环境治理提供借鉴。历史学在政府环境决策和大众环境教育中具有重要意义。     

Experimental approaches and analytical technique for determining heavy metals in fallen dust at ferrosilicon production factory in Edfu, Aswan, Egypt

In this study aimed to evaluate the pollution extent of metals and nonmetals inside and outside the ferrosilicon production factory in Edfu, Aswan, Egypt, raw materials (quartz, cokes, iron oxides), ferrosilicon alloy, silica fume, dust and suspended dust (at different sites) samples were collected from the factory, and fallen dust samples were collected from outside the factory, horizontally (at different sites and different distance and directions) and vertically (at different floors in the selected buildings). Gravimetric methods, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), flame photometer, wide range carbon determinator and atomic absorption spectroscopy tools were used for elements determination. The results indicating that the fallen dust and its element contents on southern factory walls being higher than those on eastern factory walls may be due to the nature of the dusts and effects of wind force and wind direction. Fallen dust levels in different regions outside the factory were found to be affected by the distance, direction and floors. The nature of dust samples was affected by gravity and the suspended dust in different factory units depended on the work capacity and method of handling materials by personnel in different production units. Silica fume was a complicated problem, had dangerous effect against the workers' health, and was characterized by high concentrations of SiO2(90.6%～93.6%) and heavy metals (Mn, 420.6×10-6～520.3×10-6; Fe, 2354×10-6～2685×10-6; Co, 80.7×10-6～101.6×10 6 and Ni,5.3× 10-6～6.05× 10-6). The TSP (Total Suspended Particulate) levels in all factory units were higher than the recommended air quality value (70 μg/m3) under Egyptian law. The effect of ferrosilicon factory fallen dust on the surrounding regions decreased with increasing distance between the factory and these regions. The suspended dust samples in the factory units and their components greatly exceeded national and international standards, so health and environmental criteria must be enforced on these units.     

The influence of environmental factors on rugby football injuries

The aim of this study was to establish the influence of weather and pitch conditions on the frequency and nature of rugby injuries. Observers at 26 senior rugby clubs in the Borders District of the Scottish Rugby Union reported all injuries to 1169 (96%) registered players at Saturday home and away matches during the 1993-94 season (August 1993 to April 1994). Weather and pitch conditions at 112 grounds were recorded on 605 occasions; 1268 Borders teams played at these grounds,with 344 injury episodes being sustained. Matches were played in dry weather for three-quarters of these occasions. There was a moderate association between weather and the state of the pitch (Spearman's rank correlation, r = -0.46, P ? 0.001), with heavier pitches occurring in wetter weather. Logistic regression revealed that there were significant month-of-season (P = 0.003), wind strength (P = 0.008) and temperature (P = 0.011) effects on the risk of injury. On four of five occasions when matches were played in a downpour of rain, at least one injury episode occurred. Our results show that the month of the season and the weather may influence the occurrence of rugby injuries, but that the state of the pitch does not. Further studies are required to investigate these factors in more detail.     

应用WRF-chem模式模拟京津冀地区气溶胶污染对夏季气象条件的影响

本文利用WRF-chem空气质量模式,模拟研究2006年夏季代表月份7月的气溶胶污染对京津冀地区的温度、风速、PBL高度以及降水量等的影响。模拟结果表明,在气溶胶的直接和间接气候效应的作用下京津冀地区2006年夏季区域平均温度下降了0.19℃、风速升高了0.089m／s、PBL高度下降了34.42m、降水量增加了0.069mm。研究发现,对于污染较重的地区地面10m风速的下降程度显著,而地面2m温度和PBL高度则明显的下降,对于污染较轻的地区地面2m温度和PBL高度有明显的下降,地面10m风速则有明显的上升。此外,由于地形的作用,北京市平原地区的温度和PBL高度的下降量低于山地地区,而风速则相反。     

基于网络的气象科学研究性学习的实施与成效

"数字化微型气象站"是基于手持技术的气象数据采集系统,借助网络进行在线数据共享与协作学习。该研究设计并实施基于"数字化微型气象站"网络探究平台的研究性学习,并通过观察与问卷调查探讨基于网络的气象研究性学习的成效。     

在波诡云谲的历史中叩问人性——评艾伟长篇小说《风和日丽》

艾伟的《风和日丽》以共和国的60年历史变迁为基本写作背景,通过若干主要人物曲折命运的充分展示,对人物复杂深邃的人性世界进行了深入的探究挖掘,而且还甚为成功地刻画塑造出了若干生动丰满、别具人性深度的人物形象。也非常成功地传达出了某种只可意会难以言传的命运感。