Conservation laws for energy and momentum in curved spaces

In arbitrary Riemannian 4-spaces, continuity equations are constructed which could be interpreted as conservation laws for the energy and momentum of the gravitational field. Special attention is given to general relativity to obtain, of natural manner, the pseudotensors of Einstein, Landau-Lifshitz, Mller, Goldberg and Stachel, and also the conservation equations of Komar, Trautman, DuPlessis and Moss.     

非线性GARCH模型在人民币汇率预测中的应用

介绍了时间序列处理中常用的非线性GARCH模型,对汇改以来人民币对美元汇率进行预测.在论证GARCH模型可行性基础上,采用一步向前预测方法对实际数据进行预测,得到了较好的结果.     

对人民币汇率安排的几点思考

本文从人民币升值的国内外背景、人民币币值稳定的宏观经济意义、人民币升值的利弊及影响人民币汇率变动的因素着手分析，得出在近期内人民币汇率仍应保持稳定。文章进一步提出了考虑到中国未来经济发展的趋势，为保持人民币币值稳定，应适时调整汇率制度，以化解目前的升值压力，提高汇率政策的作用，并提出了相关建议。     

动态的哈勃常数与弦(以太)的一些探讨

在遥远的河外星系,由于光子到达地球需要很长的时间,这其间使得到达地球观测点的光波发生红移,该红移遵从哈勃定律,所以被称为哈勃红移.然而宇宙的膨胀使得宇宙的密度逐渐下降,哈勃常数也在不断的减小,即哈勃常数是动态变化的.在研究宇宙尺度下的光谱红移时,哈勃红移是按动态的哈勃常数进行的.     

论《能源宪章条约》的过境争端解决机制

《能源宪章条约》(Energy Charter Treaty,简称ECT)中的能源过境制度是该条约最引人注目的,它的建立存在着历史基础和现实基础.ECT的第7条第7款和《有关过境争端的调解行为规则》构成过境争端解决机制的主要内容.该机制具有创新性,但同时也带有无法避免的局限性,对该机制进行改革势在必行.目前中国在解决能源过境争端时,可以借鉴ECT的过境争端解决机制,但同时也要考虑过境争端中的政治因素.     

美国贸易保护主义的新特点:汇率问题贸易化——以美国2011《货币汇率监督改革法案》为视角

美国参议院2011年10月通过《货币汇率监督改革法案》(以下称"S.1619法案"),法案的最大特点是将汇率问题贸易化,试图通过修改国内立法采取反补贴的贸易措施对中国输美产品征税。法案规定的根本性低估货币行为是否构成《SCM协定》中的出口补贴,是中美争论的核心所在。根据WTO的相关规定和案例,美国将汇率问题贸易化的做法,与WTO倡导的公平贸易原则背道而驰,不但达不到平衡中美贸易的目的,反而可能引致国际贸易争端,构成新的贸易壁垒。文章对此分析,并提出我国应对策略。     

用质量数之比代替质量之比并没有错

指出《一种错误不能再流传了》一文中用质量数之比代替质量之比并没有错,这样的代替所带来的误差是很微小的,分析计算并举例说明了它的可行性.     

Workplace Relationship Quality and Employee Information Experiences

This study examined the extent to which the amount and quality of work‐related information employees received was associated with the quality of their relationships with peer co‐workers and their immediate supervisors. Results indicated that supervisor–subordinate relationship quality was positively related to both the amount and quality of information employees received from their immediate supervisor. In addition, employees’ proportions of information peer relationships were negatively related, and their proportions of collegial peer relationships were positively related, to the quality of information they received from their co‐workers. Regression analyses also indicated that the quality of information employees received from their supervisors and co‐workers was positively related to their job satisfaction and commitment to the organization.     

Defensive Communication and Burnout in the Workplace: The Mediating Role of Leader–Member Exchange

This paper investigates the relationship between defensive communication in performance appraisal settings by considering the mediating effect of leader–member exchange relationships. In a study of employees of a US federal fire department, defensive communication was associated with lower quality leader–member exchange relationships, which in turn was related to burnout. We discuss the implications of these findings, particularly as they apply to organizations and their employees, as well as limitations and directions for future research.     

Smart Buildings: An Introduction to the Library of the Future

ABSTRACT

Advances in building technologies are combining energy efficiency, networked sensors, and data recording in exciting ways. Modern facilities can adjust lighting, heating, and cooling outputs to maximize efficiency, provide better physical security, improve wayfinding for occupants, and provide detailed reports of building use. This column will briefly explore the idea of “smart buildings,” describe some of the technologies that are being developed for these buildings, and explore their implications for libraries. A brief listing of selected smart building technologies is also provided.