Researchers’ achievement goals: Prevalence,structure, and associations with job burnout/engagement and professional learning

Researchers’ motivations are important for high-quality research and the productivity of the scientific system, but remain largely uninvestigated. Using three studies, we tested the usefulness of Achievement Goal Theory (AGT) for describing research motivations, investigated which goals researchers pursue, and examined their associations with job burnout/engagement and professional learning. Interviewing 20 researchers (Study 1), we found that most of their goals in the research context were classifiable as achievement goals. Apart from mastery and performance goals that are well-established in the AGT literature, they also mentioned relational and work-avoidance goals. Mastery goals comprised task and learning standards, performance goals comprised appearance and normative strivings. In Study 2, we used a standardized questionnaire to assess these goals in 824 researchers, along with burnout/engagement, professional learning time, and professional learning gains. Results confirmed the separability of all conceptualized goals, measurement invariance across academic status, and differential patterns of associations with burnout/engagement and professional learning. In Study 3, we analyzed these constructs in 471 researchers at two time points, six months apart. Results attested measurement invariance over time. Cross-lagged analyses documented similar associations as in Study 2. Learning approach and relational goals had positive effects on professional learning; appearance avoidance and work-avoidance goals were negative predictors. In contrast, burnout was negatively predicted by normative avoidance goals. However, high initial burnout levels were associated with reduced task approach and learning approach, and stronger work-avoidance goals six months later. Taken together, the results highlight the usefulness of AGT for understanding researchers’ motivations, and their relatedness with professional learning and well-being at work.     

高校体育教师工作投入的调查研究

本研究采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法等研究方法对福建省的423名高校体育教师的工作投入现状进行调查研究。研究结果表明,福建省高校体育教师的工作投入总体状况较好;对福建省高校体育教师工作投入水平产生影响的人口统计学变量有年龄、学校类剐（P〈0．05）;不同性别、学历、教龄、职称的高校体育教师在工作投入水平上的差异不显著。     

The impact of the secure custodial setting on re-engaging incarcerated children with education and learning – A case study in the UK

As many as 90 % of incarcerated children and young people enter the secure setting disengaged from education. The nature of the secure custodial setting compounds the complex and challenging needs of the children, though efforts to understand this are limited. This paper reports on an ethnographic case study in one secure children’s home in England. Findings show that children can be re-engaged with education, relatively easily within a short space of time, given the right conditions. However, the secure setting was a defining feature, shaping the extent of this engagement. The implications of these findings are discussed and recommendation made.     

学生投入在线讨论的影响因素研究

文章回顾近期或经典文献中关于在线讨论中学生投入的影响因素的研究,总结出得到11个学生投入在线讨论的影响因素。将它们经解释结构模型法进行层次分析,发现直接因素是:讨论平台和讨论社区成熟度;中层次因素是教师的反馈、教师的评价、学习者的学习能力、学习者的个性特征、讨论话题;深层次因素是教师教学组织方法、讨论的预期教学目标;根本因素是教师对待在线讨论的态度。     

Child first,offender second – A progressive model for education in custody

Disengagement and poor educational attainment in education are firmly established risk factors for juvenile crime, leading policymakers to identify educational provision in and after custody as a key pathway for effective reentry (resettlement). However, although there is emerging evidence that children’s educational progress can reduce recidivism, persistent issues have dogged the delivery of education in custody across the Western world. We identify these issues as rooted in fundamental weaknesses of the risk paradigm that defines the relationship between custodial education and juvenile justice outcomes, in particular reflecting the absence of a cogent theory of change. We propose an alternative ‘Child First’ conceptual framework for custodial education that draws on the ‘Positive Youth Justice’ approach in contemporary youth justice and adopts the development of children’s pro-social identity as its theory of change and key purpose. We explore for the first-time what overarching principles such an approach might entail and test the appropriateness of its theory of change by using it to reinterpret existing good practice messages for custodial education.Therefore, we propose a thoroughgoing evaluation of custodial education practice through such a ‘Child First’ lens.     

Increasing opportunities to respond to print during storybook reading: Effects of evocative print-referencing techniques

This study employed a multiple baseline design to determine whether brief training and observational learning enabled teachers to increase their use of evocative references to print during whole-class storybook reading. Evocative print references require children to respond to teachers’ questions or directives about print and, as such, were conceptualized as opportunities to respond (OTRs). Framed within this conceptualization, the study examined whether teachers’ use of print-focused OTRs increased children's engagement during book reading and accelerated acquisition of print awareness skills. Book reading was observed twice weekly during baseline and intervention phases and coded for teachers’ use of print-referenced OTRs and children's level of engagement. Print-knowledge skill probes were administered weekly to 33 children from low-income backgrounds. Results showed gains from baseline to intervention in teachers’ use of evocative print references, children's engagement, and performance on skill probes. Findings are discussed in terms of using book reading to promote development of print awareness in children who are behind their peers in early literacy skills.     

The effects of reading to prepare for argumentative discussion on cognitive engagement and conceptual growth

Dialogue based approaches to education have been shown to benefit students through the quality of shared discourse. Warm conceptual change theories propose that these benefits are also mediated by increasing student engagement. Discourse and engagement effects were isolated in this study by having 130 third and fourth grade students read a science text for different purposes (no stated purpose, to prepare for a regular classroom discussion, or to prepare for an argumentative discussion) and then testing children before the discussion took place. Children who anticipated a discussion, especially an argumentative discussion, read more slowly than other children after controlling for fluency. A subset of reading times predicted conceptual growth. Finally some children who participated in argumentative discussions had higher rates of conceptual growth. Results substantiate the efficacy of argumentative discussion as a context for reading scientific texts, and they support the central mechanism of dual-processing theories of warm conceptual change.     

评价理论视角下就职演讲语篇分析

本文以评价理论为视角,分析探讨了态度系统、介入系统和级差系统在美国总统就职演讲语篇中的应用。文章丰富了对于美国总统就职演说的研究,同时为中外学者在相关学术写作中有效表达评价意义提供了有价值的启示。     

新建地方本科院校教学质量保障路径新探索——基于NSSE-China问卷的调查研究

本科教育质量是衡量大学办学水平的重要指标。新建地方本科院校因受多种因素制约,教育质量问题面临更多的忧思和批判。文章采用"全美大学生参与度调查"工具(NSSE:the National Survey of Student Engagement),以贵州省4所新建地方本科院校的800名本科生为研究样本,通过对大学生学习性投入现状的分析,从"学生参与"的视角探究我国新建地方本科院校教学质量保障存在的问题,并提出了针对性的教育质量保障路径突破口:优化课程挑战度,促进学生的专业发展;搭建师生交流平台,促进师生情感互动;吸引省外生源,优化生源结构。     

中学教师工作投入与基本心理需求满足关系研究

教师的工作投入与教学成果的质量紧密相关。文章着重研究中学教师工作投入与自我决定论的基本心理需求满足的现状,并探讨二者之间的关系,得出以下研究结论：被测中学教师的工作投入与基本心理需求满足均处于较高水平,工作投入与基本心理需求满足呈正相关。因此,可通过基本心理需求的满足来影响教师工作投入水平,为中学教师管理提供参考。