Currents and sub-currents in innovation flows: Explaining innovativeness using new-product announcements

The creation of new knowledge is a haphazard process: not every sector in an economy is equally involved. The effect of industry structure on innovativeness has been a focus of attention for a long time by both academics and policymakers. In a much quoted article, using unique data - new-product announcements - Acs and Audretsch [Acs, Z.J., Audretsch, D.B., 1988. Innovation in large and small firms: an empirical analysis. American Economic Review 78(4), 678-690] identified several characteristics of industry structure and their effects on innovativeness. By analyzing a new and more consciously compiled database, we re-examine their original claims. Our results largely support their findings: industry concentration and degree of unionization for instance hamper innovation; skilled labor promotes it. Our findings diverge in one significant respect from theirs: we suggest that the large firms do not contribute more to an industry’s innovativeness than small firms. At the industry level, we find strong support for the Schumpeter Mark I perspective of creative destruction by small firms rather than creative accumulation by large firms. In addition, we show that less dedicated innovators prove more susceptible to firm-external industry factors than more committed innovators. An unfavorable competitive environment decreases the likelihood that less successful innovators will announce new products.     

Institutionalizing end-user demand steering in agricultural R&D: Farmer levy funding of R&D in The Netherlands

The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the institutionalization of demand-driven modes of working in the R&D planning process and reveal possible weaknesses, through an analysis of a system of collective R&D funding by farmers. The findings indicate that, although end-users have the opportunity to raise issues that lead to R&D, queries are influenced by several actors in the R&D planning process in such a way that they do not adequately reflect farmers’ innovation needs. Conclusions are that more emphasis is required on joint demand articulation and involvement of end-users and other stakeholders in the innovation process, and on the institutional development of R&D funding organizations in order to adopt a more inclusive view on innovation.     

在综合实践活动中学习《元角分的认识》

聋生学完课文《元角分的认识》后,出现了知识与实际运用脱节的现象,本文对这一现象进行思考,探索开展"做买卖"的系列实践活动,让聋生在实践活动中来认识人民币。实践后,让学生感知了数学来源于生活,培养了学生合作与交往的能力、学生的估算意识和创新能力以及学生的生存能力。     

对小型国有商业企业改革的思考

小型国有商业企业改革遇到前所未有的困难,是由多种原因造成的。因此,解决小型国有商业企业的问题,必须有两种思路;一是在现有制度框架下,发挥自身的优势;二是完全的制度创新。     

会计信息失真问题探讨

会计信息在微观经济管理和宏观经济调控中起着十分重要的作用,本文对会计信息失真的形式、危害及原因进行探讨与分析,并提出有关治理对策。     

论行为科学理论指导下的企业管理

企业管理首先是对人的管理。成功的企业管理应该以人为本,激发员工内在的积极性和创新能力,运用管理艺术使管理成为一个轻松、快乐的过程。     

论ERP管理思想在图书馆管理中的应用

企业资源管理规划(ERP)是目前世界上普遍推广的先进的企业管理集成系统,将它的现代企业管理思想移植到图书馆的管理中,可以提高图书馆资源的投入产出效益,提高工作效率,增强服务能力,优化配置图书馆系统要素.     

ISO9000族标准与企业计量工作

通过对ＩＳＯ９０００族标准基本轮廓的描述和对其中ＩＳＯ９００２与ＩＳＯ１００１２两个标准之间的关系、二者对计量的要求,国家近年来对计量工作的指导思想的分析,提出了计量确认体系和质量认系认证。     

企业知识管理理论初探

知识管理作为一种新的管理模式开始在现代企业中运用,它不仅是管理制度的创新,而且它能够激发员工的学习热情,使其与获取知识和创新之间形成良性循环,将企业创造成为一个学习型、开放型的组织,从而保证它能健康、快速地发展。     

书目数据制作企业化与我国图书馆编目工作改革

书目数据制作企业化是解决图书馆统一编目问题的很有前景的途径。北京丹诚软件责任有限公司与北京图书大厦合作 ,采取企业化管理和生产方式 ,制作书目数据 ,产品规范统一 ,质量高 ,覆盖文献品种全 ,供货及时 ,走出了一条图书馆统一编目的新路。