高等学校学生创业教育的若干问题探析

大学生创业教育已经成为高等学校教育工作的一个重要内容。目前,高等学校的创业教育还存在着一些亟待解决的关键问题,诸如创业教育课程、创业教育的核心、创业教育的实践性、创业教育的师资、创业教育与专业教育关系等问题。解决好这些问题将有助于提升高等学校创业教育的时效性。     

国际创业教育研究前沿的可视化分析

本文立足于Web of Science中的SCI-E、SSCI数据库,以1945年至2010年间国际创业教育领域的2000篇文献为研究对象和计量单元,将定量分析和定性研究相结合,运用国际新兴的CiteSpace软件和可视化方法进行知识计量和知识谱图绘制。在可视化图谱定量分析的基础上进行国际创业教育的研究前沿方面的定性研究,从而为国际创业教育领域的研究开拓了全新的视角和平台。     

创业理论:多元的研究视角

作为一个新兴的研究领域,创业理论研究视角呈现出了多元的特点。对目前创业理论研究的不同分析视角进行梳理,可以概括描述各种主要分析视角的创业理论观点。随着研究的深入,创业理论将有更多的分析视角,其研究也将在较长时期内维持多元化的发展特点。     

New technology-based firms in the European union: an introduction

This paper introduces the Special Issue on New Technology-Based Firms in Europe. It provides an overview of the issues. The role of smaller firms in the development of Europe's high technology sectors is summarized, as are the policy issues, but the paper mainly discusses the characteristics of European NTBFs and their founders. This includes a review of the evidence with regard to the survival, growth and geographical clustering of NTBFs in Europe, as well as the factors facilitating and inhibiting their creation and development.     

创业教育的研究

创业教育是提高学生创业基本素质，培养创业意识。形成创业生存能力的教育。开展创业教育是高职院校顺应时代潮流，服务社会的必然选择。创业教育是一项涉及全社会的系统工程，需要政府、学校、企业等方面共同实施。从学校来讲，要改革培养模式，全方位渗透创业教育。要改进就业指导工作服务体系，营造良好的创业教育环境。     

营造全真创业环境探索创业教育新路

创业教育对培养适应社会经济发展的人才并缓解就业压力具有十分重要的意义,作为一种新的人才培养观,也越来越受到社会各界的普遍重视。文章从实施程序、运作特点、教育环节以及实际成效等方面介绍了浙江商业职业技术学院全真环境下创业教育的探索与实践。     

The role of social embeddedness in professorial entrepreneurship: a comparison of electrical engineering and computer science at UC Berkeley and Stanford

Professorial entrepreneurship has recently attracted much attention. This paper draws upon historical research, a survey of faculty, and an Internet-based methodology for identifying professorial affiliations with entrepreneurial firms at two of the premier electrical engineering and computer science departments in the US, The University of California, Berkeley and Stanford. We employ the concept of “nested embeddedness” to explain why the faculty members in these two institutions have different levels of entrepreneurship and corporate involvement. EE&CS faculty at both universities were found to be socially embedded in departments and disciplines that supported and placed value on entrepreneurial activities. However, while being embedded in a university environment with a history of success and high level of support for entrepreneurship, EE&CS faculty at Stanford had a significantly greater level of corporate involvement, including the founding of start-ups. Although significantly less than Stanford, the level of corporate involvement among EE&CS faculty at Berkeley was also substantial. This suggests that being embedded in an academic department and disciplines with cultures that are supportive of entrepreneurial activity can help counteract the disincentives created by a university environment that is not strongly supportive of these activities.     

美国高校创业教育的动因及特点探析

历经半个多世纪的发展,美国高校创业教育业已形成了较为完善的体系结构,且在领导力量、师资配备、课程建设、组织机构以及评价机制诸方面形成了自身的特色。文章在阐述美国创业教育的动因与特点的基础上,结合我国目前创业教育的现状,围绕创业教育的理念、师资队伍建设、创业实践体验、中外合作交流诸方面提出些许建议。     

Resource constraints as triggers of radical innovation: Longitudinal evidence from the manufacturing sector

Despite the significant role of radical innovation as a driver of firm growth and performance, the consequences of resource constraints for radical innovation outcomes remain unknown. Our paper addresses this gap. We combine arguments from entrepreneurship theory and the theory of recombinative innovation to construct an overarching theoretical framework that argues why resource constraints can promote, rather than impede, radical innovation. We then build hypotheses on two specific resource constraints, knowledge and financial, and test these by a lagged-variable random-effects Tobit model with longitudinal data from an exceptionally large and detailed innovation survey. Controlling for absorptive capacity, firm age, and firm growth, we find full support for the hypothesis that knowledge constraints spur radical innovation and partial support for the hypothesis that financial constraints spur radical innovation. We discuss the theoretical significance of these findings and point to managerial implications and paths for future research.     

Entrepreneurship: Exploring the knowledge base

Entrepreneurship research has a long tradition and since the 1980s the field has grown significantly. In this study we identify the ‘knowledge producers’ who have shaped the field over time and their core entrepreneurship research works. A unique database consisting of all references in twelve entrepreneurship ‘handbooks’ (or state-of-the-art books) has been developed. The chapters in these handbooks were written by experts within the field, and it can be assumed that the most frequently cited references represent ‘core knowledge’ with relevance to entrepreneurship research.From our analysis, it appears that entrepreneurship is a rather changeable field of research, closely linked to disciplines such as ‘management studies’ and ‘economics’. Over time, the field has become more formalized with its own core knowledge, research specialities and an increasing number of ‘insider works’. However, it is still based on some fairly old theoretical frameworks imported from mainstream disciplines, although during the last decade we have seen the emergence of a number of new field-specific concepts and theories. We argue that to successfully develop entrepreneurship research in the future, we need to relate new research opportunities to earlier knowledge within the field, which calls for a stronger ‘knowledge-based’ focus. We would also like to see greater integration between the fields of entrepreneurship and innovation studies in the future.