我国科技特派员农村科技创业机制研究

科技特派员农村科技创业从创业主体角度看,主要包括"外生"式和"内生"式两大类型。而这两大类型科技特派员在实际农村科技创业中表现出了多样化的机制模式。本文在对科技特派员创业者进行分类的基础上,总结分析了当前中国科技特派员农村科技创业的不同机制模式,并有针对性地提出对策建议。     

Entrepreneurship policy and the financing of young innovative companies: Evidence from the Italian Startup Act

While there is a general consensus that young innovative companies (YICs) need special attention by public policy which should aim at alleviating the financial constraints these firms commonly suffer, much less agreement has been reached on the most effective policy instruments reputed to accomplish the task. In this respect, if the scientific debate has very much revolved around the dilemma about the crowding-in or crowding-out effect of public R&D subsidies to firms, there is a dearth of scientific studies which analyse the effectiveness and potential interrelations of different policy instruments which at the same time and in the same institutional context are offered to YICs. By taking advantage of the Italian Startup Act issued in 2012, we analyse, for the first time, the possible existence of interrelationships between firm access to a Government-guaranteed (GG) bank loan programme and fiscal incentives for venture capital (VC) equity investments. Results suggest two important facts. First, the two mechanisms appear to be functional to different typologies of YICs. Second, VC investments significantly reduce the probability to access GG bank loans. Overall, our analysis highlights a sort of “institutional division of labour” between the two measures and depicts what we label as a Task segmentation effect.     

Is there a startup wage premium? Evidence from MIT graduates

While startups are the center of extensive policy discussion given their outsized role in job creation, it is not clear whether they create high quality jobs relative to incumbent firms. This paper investigates the wage differential between venture capital-backed startups and established firms, given that the two firm types compete for talent. Using data on MIT graduates, I find that non-founder employees at VC-backed startups earn roughly 10% higher wages than their counterparts at established firms. To account for unobserved heterogeneity across workers, I exploit the fact that many MIT graduates receive multiple job offers. I find that wage differentials are statistically insignificant from zero when individual fixed effects are included. This implies that much of the startup wage premium in the cross-section can be attributed to selection, and that VC-backed startups pay competitive wages for talent. To unpack the selection mechanism, I show that individual preferences for risk as well as challenging work strongly predict entry into VC-backed startups.     

科技型企业的产业品牌打造应从创业开始

科技型企业在产业市场的生存方式,决定了它打造的品牌属于产业品牌。对于创业之初的科技型企业,品牌打造不仅非常有必要,而且在这个阶段打造品牌还具有一些特殊优势。创业之初的科技型企业可以采用一些简单的方法,使品牌建设更加卓有成效。     

Why do some universities generate more start-ups than others?

The results of this study provide insight into why some universities generate more new companies to exploit their intellectual property than do others. We compare four different explanations for cross-institutional variation in new firm formation rates from university technology licensing offices (TLOs) over the 1994-1998 period—the availability of venture capital in the university area; the commercial orientation of university research and development; intellectual eminence; and university policies. The results show that intellectual eminence, and the policies of making equity investments in TLO start-ups and maintaining a low inventor’s share of royalties increase new firm formation. The paper discusses the implications of these results for university and public policy.     

基于多元主体合作供给模式的图书馆建设策略研究--以通州湾科创城图书馆为例

随着公共服务需求的多元化发展,资源的单一供给模式已经难以满足现实需求,建立多元主体共同参与的合作供给模式成为图书馆事业可持续发展的必然选择。本文以通州湾科创城图书馆为案例,通过对其"四馆合一"多功能建设功能实现的深入分析,提出优化科创城图书馆建设的合作策略与多元主体合作机制。     

微观视角下的创业课程开发研究

对青年学生开展创业教育是当前培养新型人才的一项重要任务,而对创业课程的开发则是落实创业教育的主要途径。美国杨百翰大学夏威夷分校在梅里尔教授指导下,新近推出了颇具特色的网络创业课程,我国创业教育领域唯一的国家级精品课程也很有代表性。以这两门创业课程为个案,从目标理念、课程内容、组织策略、实施形式、课程保障等五个维度进行比较分析,深入挖掘各自的特点并提出了构建有中国特色的创业课程开发体系和具体建议。     

Does the Company Programme have the same impact on young women and men? A study of entrepreneurship education in Norwegian upper secondary schools

This paper asks whether a European entrepreneurship programme called the ‘Company Programme’ (CP) has an impact on young women and men with regard to career preferences, and perceptions of business skills and the likelihood of having a company. CP is taught to 270,000 students in 39 European countries, and approximately 15% of Norwegian students participate in CP during upper secondary school. The data used are from a student survey in Norway with 1160 respondents, who were 17–18 years old. The response rate was 81%. Controlling for competing explanations, CP positively influences young women and men and their perceptions of the knowledge and skills related to starting a business, increases the share of young women that prefer self-employment and increases the share of young women and men that find it probable that they will own a company. It seems that the perceived effect of CP on skills and knowledge and preference for self-employment is somewhat stronger among young women, while the perceived effect on the likelihood of owning a company is somewhat stronger among young men.     

被遮蔽的激流——论《创业史》的叙事张力

由于十七年文学与时代政治的紧密关系,所以常常被评论家视为人与自我的失落的文学。然而,十七年时期的文本往往在表达了什么与如何表达之间又形成了叙事的裂缝。从微观叙述形态层面上来探讨《创业史》,可以发现其叙事张力在文本内部的人物关系设置、矛盾冲突的展开方式、作家对角色的定位与读者接受等诸多方面都有所呈现。     

地方本科院校创业型营销人才培养的瓶颈及突破

当前,地方本科院校在创业型营销人才培养方面还存在着诸如创业课程体系设置不合理、专业教师指导学生创业能力薄弱、创业教育方法落后、直接面对市场具有创新性项目少等瓶颈因素,所以,建议地方本科院校突破目前主要的瓶颈因素,培养更加优秀的创业型营销人才来更好的服务于地方经济建设和发展。