快速驱动致心脏疲劳室内压变化的实验研究

通过快速驱动方法模拟激烈运动,测定心室内压、室内压最大上升速率（＋dp,dtmax）和最大下降速率（-dp／dtmax）,探讨疲劳时心脏活动变化。方法：以虎纹蛙心脏为实验材料,采用BL-410生物机能实验系统。通过心室插管,分别记录驱动前和驱动后心功能的四项指标,即最高室内压、最低室内压、＋dp/dtmax、-dp/dtmax的曲线变化。结果：快速驱动2min后。心脏收缩期室内压最高压力显著下降（P〈0．05）,舒张期室内压最低压力无显著变化（P〉0．05）;收缩期室内压＋dp/dtmax和舒张期室内压-dp/dkmax显著降低,与驱动前比较差异显著（P〈0．05）。结论：快速驱动后心肌收缩能力显著减弱。     

师范大学生体育锻炼现状及对心理健康的影响

采用<大学生体育锻炼状况调查问卷>、<心境量表(POMS)>、<大学生压力反应测量问卷>和<大学生心理健康诊断量表>对1 354名师范大学在读本科生进行调查.结果发现:师范大学生经常锻炼群体的总体情绪状态比非经常锻炼群体的情绪状态好,呈显著性差异;在"精力"、"自尊"这两个积极情绪纬度得分高于非经常锻炼群体,且呈非常显著性差异;在"紧张"、"愤怒"、"疲劳"这3个消极情绪纬度方面得分高于非经常锻炼群体,在"抑郁"、"慌乱"这两个消极情绪纬度方面得分均低于非经常锻炼群体,但无显著性差异.非经常锻炼群体在压力的生理反应、情绪反应、认知反应纬度上的平均得分高于经常锻炼群体,呈非常显著性差异;在压力的行为反应纬度上的平均得分高于经常锻炼群体,但无显著性差异.经常锻炼群体在心理健康水平得分高于非经常锻炼群体,呈非常显著性差异.     

竞走项目最大速度能力和足底压力特征研究

通过二维录像解析和足底压力分布实验测试,对竞走项目运动员最大速度能力和足底压力分布特征进行相关的基础研究,以获得竞走项目运动员在特定的技术规则规定下,世界级优秀竞走运动员的极限最大速度能力、关键运动学参数和足底压力分布特征参数情况,并对这些运动学和动力学参数进行了相关分析.     

大学生体质量指数（BMI)对血压水平的影响简

目的：探讨大学生人群血压水平与体质量指数（BMI）的相关性.方法：收集广州市6所高校大二学生共6225例的个人资料,对其体重、身高、体质量（BMI）、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）进行统计学分析,同时对超重肥胖学生采用运动干预措施.结果：肥胖组SBP与DBP分别为（134.2±15.32）mmHg （88.54±9.21） mmHg,超重组SBP与DBP分别为（121.6±12.54） mmHg、（81.63±8.45）mmHg,体质量正常组SBP与DBP分别为（114.6±11.28） mmHg、（72.31±8.11） mmHg,低体质量组SBP与DBP分别为（102.3±10.35） mmHg、（67.21±8.22） mmHg,两两比较具有统计意义差异（P＜0.05）.对体重肥胖组学生进行有氧运动干预后发现,肥胖组学生BMI、SBP、DBP显著低于干预前,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.经单因素分析可知,BMI与SBP、DBP呈正相关,与性别、年龄、入学时间无相关性.结论：大学生血压随着BMI的升高而升高,体检过程中可将BMI偏高作为预测肥胖大学生高血压的指标之一;通过对肥胖学生进行有氧运动干预可有效控制学生的血压水平.     

我国就业压力的成因及其解决对策

目前,我国存在着较为严重的失业现象,解决就业问题对维护社会稳定,促进经济发展,全面建设小康社会具有重要的意义。在深入分析我国就业压力成因的基础上,提出政府在解决国民就业问题上应采取的积极调控措施。     

The effect of acute aerobic exercise on central arterial stiffness,wave reflections,and hemodynamics in adults with diabetes: A randomized cross-over design

BackgroundIndividuals with diabetes have greater central arterial stiffness, wave reflections, and hemodynamics, all of which promote the accelerated cardiovascular pathology seen in this population. Acute aerobic exercise has been shown to be an effective strategy for reducing central arterial stiffness, wave reflections, and hemodynamics in healthy individuals; however, the effects of acute aerobic exercise in reducing these outcomes is not well established in people with diabetes. Recently, implementation of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) has shown superior improvements in cardiovascular health outcomes when compared to traditional aerobic exercise. Yet, the effect of HIIE on the aforementioned outcomes in people with diabetes is not known. The purpose of this study was to (i) describe the central arterial stiffness, wave reflections, and hemodynamic responses to a bout of HIIE and moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) in adults with diabetes; and (ii) compare the effects of HIIE and MICE on the aforementioned outcomes.MethodsA total of 24 adult men and women (aged 29–59 years old) with type 1 (n = 12) and type 2 (n = 12) diabetes participated in a randomized cross-over study. All participants completed the following protocols: (i) HIIE: cycling for 4 × 4 min at 85%–95% of heart rate peak (HR_peak), interspersed with 3 min of active recovery at 60%–70%HR_peak; (ii) MICE: 33 min of continuous cycling at 60%–70%HR_peak; and (iii) control (CON): lying quietly in a supine position for 30 min.ResultsA significant group × time effect was found for changes in central systolic blood pressure (F = 3.20, p = 0.01) with a transient reduction for the HIIE group but not for the MICE or CON groups. There was a significant group × time effect for changes in augmentation index at a heart rate of 75 beats/min (F = 2.32, p = 0.04) with a decrease following for HIIE and MICE but not for CON. For all other measures of central arterial stiffness and hemodynamics, no significant changes were observed (p > 0.05).ConclusionA bout of HIIE appears to lead to a greater transient reduction in central systolic blood pressure than the reduction observed following MICE; however, both HIIE and MICE improved augmentation index at a heart rate of 75 beats/min in people with diabetes. There was no significant difference in response to HIIE and MICE in all outcomes. This provides preliminary evidence on the role of HIIE on such outcomes in people with diabetes.     

Teachers' perspectives on environmental education in multicultural contexts: Towards culturally-responsive environmental education

This inquiry explores teachers' perspectives on enacting environmental education in a Québec urban locale with high student diversity. Participating in focus groups and interviews, teachers from three schools discussed their experiences incorporating environmental education into their multiculturally-diverse classrooms. Challenges included value clashes, a lack of common lived experiences, and reconciling contradictory educational perspectives and political policies, which often placed teachers in paradoxical positions. Findings suggest moving toward practices of culturally-responsive environmental education that demand more than awareness but include interactive dialogue. Teachers need support from beyond the classroom and the capacity to develop curriculum facilitating the inclusion of students' culture.     

220kV变压器线圈现场施压及压板强度研究

对SFPSZ9－150000／220特大型变压器线圈现场施压进行了探讨性的试验，提供了一些可行性的计算方法，分析了试验结果并提出了存在问题与一些合理建议。     

The Centre for Research into Higher Education at the University of Amsterdam (Centrum voor Onderzoek van het Wetenschappelijk Onderwijs,COWO)

This study is part of a first study of collaborative socio-environmental projects that engage Jewish and Arab students in Israel in learning about their local environment and about each other through outdoor learning and environmental action. We used ideas of social learning and environmental citizenship to frame our research. We investigated students' knowledge regarding their local environment and their knowledge of each other's community. We also studied the participants’ views regarding their project-partners'environmental knowledge, awareness and behaviour in comparison to their own. Initially, differences were found regarding various aspects of the students' socio-environmental knowledge and in students' views of their counterparts' environmentalism. At the end of the projects, students showed better understanding of local socio-environmental issues and demonstrated changes in their original views towards the environmental awareness and behaviour of their counterparts. These findings suggest that projects which involve students from segregated communities not only promote environmental awareness but contribute to a reduction in mutual prejudices. We suggest that the differences we found are not related to ethnicity, but rather to students' socioeconomic status and experience in environmental education programmes.     

Impact absorption of tennis shoe-surface combinations

The aim of this study was to investigate, for typical shoes and surfaces used in tennis, the relative role of the shoe and surface in providing cushioning during running. Five test surfaces ranging from concrete to artificial turf were selected, together with two shoe models. Impact absorbing ability was assessed mechanically using drop test procedures and biomechanically using peak magnitude and rate of loading of impact force and peak in-shoe pressure data at the lateral heel. Differences in biomechanical variables between shoe-surface combinations were identified using a two-way ANOVA (p < 0.05). Mechanical test results were found to rank the surfaces in the same order regardless of the shoe model, suggesting that the surface is influential in providing cushioning. However, for all mechanical and biomechanical (p < 0.05) variables representing impact absorbing ability, it was found that the difference between shoes was markedly greater than the differences between surfaces. The peak heel pressure data were found to rank the surfaces in the same order as the mechanical tests, while impact force data were not as sensitive to the changes in surface. Correlations between mechanical and biomechanical impact absorption highlighted the importance of testing the shoe-surface combination in mechanical tests, rather than the surface alone. In conclusion, mechanical testing of the shoe-surface combination was found to provide a strong predictor of the impact absorbing ability during running if pressure data were used. In addition, for typical shoe-surface combinations in tennis, the shoe was found to have more potential than the surface to influence impact loading during running. Finally, in-shoe pressure data were found to be more sensitive than force plate data to changes in material cushioning.