肥胖症患者运动步态对下肢骨骼的承压性实验分析

目的:研究肥胖症患者运动步态对下肢骨骼承压性的影响。方法:将美国生产的Fastec Imaging高速摄像机置于人体行走的正侧面,受试者以正常行走的步速沿既定路线行走,随机拍摄,采用艾里尔配套的解析软件对拍摄的图像进行处理,通过比利时RSscan公司生产的压力分布测试系统Footscaninsole对受试者下肢骨骼承压型进行测试。结果:步宽肥胖组显著高于对照组,肥胖组的步长低于对照组,但无统计学意义。肥胖组相对步长显著高于对照组。双支撑时期,肥胖组显著大于对照组。单支撑时期肥胖组显著小于对照组。其余时间参数指标虽然在一定程度上有所变化,但无统计学意义。足跟着地时,肥胖组踝关节角度非常显著大于对照组。肥胖组髋关节角度显著大于对照组。在单支撑时相中,髋关节、膝关节、踝关节角度肥胖组与对照组相比有一定的改变,但无显著性意义。当足趾离地时,肥胖组在膝关节、踝关节处与对照组无显著性差异,在骸关节处的屈曲角度非常显著大于对照组。运动步态下肥胖组右下肢的腓骨、足骨平均峰力值显著高于对照组;肥胖组右下肢髌骨所受冲量显著高于对照组;肥胖组胫骨、足骨所受冲量非常显著大于对照组;其它区域肥胖组虽均高于对照组,但无统计学意义。结论:肥胖症患者运动步态下下肢骨骼所需承压性大于体重正常者。     

互动公平感对员工进谏上司的影响及其内在机制研究

基于紧张减缓理论视角,以203对上级-下属配对数据作为样本,分析互动公平感对员工进谏上司的影响及心理压力的中介效应和员工的传统性的调节效应。结果表明:员工的互动公平感对其进谏上司有积极影响;互动公平感通过心理压力的部分中介效应影响员工进谏上司;员工的传统性对互动公平感与心理压力之间的关系有调节作用,员工的传统性越高,互动公平感对心理压力的消极作用就越大。     

新产品开发团队时间压力、自省性与创新绩效

新产品开发团队创新绩效的高低直接关系到企业能否在激烈的市场竞争中取得优势地位。基于"心理感知—行为—结果"视角,检验了新产品开发团队中时间压力与创新绩效之间的关系,探讨了团队自省性对创新绩效所起的作用,并研究了环境不确定性在团队自省性与创新绩效关系中的作用。通过对98个新产品开发团队的数据进行实证分析,研究结果表明,新产品开发团队的时间压力与团队创新绩效之间存在倒U型相关关系,过高的时间压力对创新绩效会产生不利的影响,团队自省性能够提高团队的创新绩效,环境不确定性调节了团队自省性与创新绩效的关系。     

企业环保投资效率评价指标体系构建研究

通过指标初次选择和指标优化两个阶段及评价方法的确定,构建企业环保投资效率评价指标体系。不同于企业各类社会责任报告,构建的企业环保投资效率评价指标体系专用于企业环境社会责任的评价,且构建的企业环保投资效率评价指标体系体现企业环保投资重视经济效益兼顾环境效益和社会效益的特点,同时也体现包括企业环保投资效率和企业环保投资等目标在内的多目标评价特点。     

基于GVC和利益相关者理论的跨国公司环境绩效审计评价指标体系的构建

基于全球价值链理论和利益相关者理论,从价值链管理维度、资金来源维度、学习成长维度、社会影响维度这四个维度科学的构建了跨国公司环境绩效审计指标体系,最后指出该种构建角度的创新点和不足之处,以推动实践中跨国公司环境绩效审计的发展。     

自然速度裸足跑足底压力特征与慢跑鞋设计研究

摘要：目的：以探索自然速度裸足跑单步足支撑时间与负荷结构的部位分布规律为基础,并依据功能设计2要素（位置选择与频率设置）的特征研究慢跑鞋能量回输功能设计的策略与方法。方法：研究主要利用RSscan系统对91名大学生自然速度裸足跑进行了足底压力测试。首先采用独立样本T检验、单因素方差分析与卡方构成比检验等方法分析自然速度裸足跑足支撑的时间与负荷特征, 然后利用聚类分析与判别分析对慢跑鞋设计进行了量化研究。结果：自然速度裸足跑单步支撑时间先短后长、负荷空间分布不均集中作用于后足与前足,但时间与负荷分布均无性别差异;大众慢跑鞋后跟与前掌回弹频率的类别设计具有小中大频3类确定标准,个体慢跑鞋类别选择具有确定方法。结论：1）自然速度裸足跑个体单步足支撑先快后慢、节奏鲜明,负荷集中作用于后跟与前掌,但节奏与负荷均无性别差异。2）获得了小中大频3类大众慢跑鞋频率设计标准,并给出了个体慢跑鞋类别选择标准与方法。3）提出了有利于能量回输的个性化专业慢跑鞋设计思路与策略。     

Self-report vs. kinematic screening test: prevalence,demographics, and sports biography of yips-affected golfers

The yips is considered a task-specific movement disorder. Its estimated prevalence, however, is high compared to similar neurological movement disorders, possibly resulting from previous studies’ restriction of samples based on skill level, and self-report bias. Alternatively, this high prevalence might be an indication of additional aetiologies, for example the influence of previously played racket sports. We estimated the prevalence of the putting yips across the skill range, using self-reports in one study and a screening test in a second study. We explored if previously played sports matter for the development of the yips. In study 1, yips prevalence (N = 1,306) and golfers’ sports biographies (n = 264) were examined via two online surveys, in which golfers indicated if they were yips-affected. In study 2, golfers (N = 186) putted in a standardised putting test while kinematic and performance measures were recorded. Prevalence was estimated via a kinematic threshold. Sports biographies (n = 119) were obtained via an online survey. Prevalence of currently yips-affected golfers was 22.4% in study 1 and 16.7% in study 2. In both studies, more yips-affected than unaffected golfers had experience in playing racket sports. Yips prevalence remained higher than previously estimated prevalence of other movement disorders but decreased when the whole skill range including professionals and novices was considered. Future studies should use the kinematic screening test instead of self-reports to detect the yips and further investigate the influence of previously played racket sports.     

武汉蔡甸杨氏洪门拳生态环境的田野调查研究

文章运用文献资料法,田野调查法,问卷调查法等研究方法,对武汉市蔡甸区杨氏洪门拳所处的生态环境进行实际调查研究,梳理了杨氏洪门拳的主要内容和动作特点。同时从政治、信息、社会、教育等环境因素对杨氏洪门拳进行分析,概括了杨氏洪门拳近几年的发展状况及存在的问题。最后,对杨氏洪门拳的资金、配套设施、师资建设等方面提出建议。     

Correlation between maximum in-shoe plantar pressures and clubhead speed in amateur golfers

Disagreements exist in the literature regarding the manner in which weight should be dynamically shared during the golf swing, both within-feet and between the back- and target-foot, to generate maximal clubhead speed. The purpose of this study was to determine whether preferential foot-loading locations underlie weight sharing by examining the correlation between clubhead speed and maximum plantar pressure (PP) distributions. Thirty-two amateur golfers with handicap indexes ranging from 2.7 to 25 performed 10 driver swings on artificial turf following a warm-up. PP distributions were recorded at 100 Hz, and clubhead speed was recorded using a ball-tracking Doppler radar system. Maximum PPs were extracted from a 2-s window approximately centred on ball contact and were regressed against clubhead speed. Significance was assessed over the entire foot surface using statistical parametric mapping (SPM), a spatially continuous technique. SPM revealed, at relatively high anatomical resolution, significant positive correlations between clubhead speed and PPs in the lateral target-foot (P < 0.05). This suggests that not only weight transfer but also weight-transfer location may be an important determinant of clubhead speed in amateur golfers.     

渗透压仪研制及其在机电一体化教学中的作用

渗透压仪在医药研究、食品安全等领域应用十分广泛。针对传统的渗透压检测方法存在测量精度低、可靠性差、结构复杂、系统成本高等缺点,提出了一种基于拉乌尔冰点理论的新型渗透压测试仪器,重点介绍了该仪器的原理、实现方案及功能特点,阐述了仪器自主研制对机电一体化教学的作用及意义。