建立学校传染病预防体系的初步构想

学校传染病预防是国家整个卫生防疫工作中的一个重要课题,高校必须通过对传染病信息收集、分析、处理和宜传教育,建立一个适合自身需要的传染病预防体系。     

An explicit and reflective approach to the use of history to promote understanding of the nature of science

Monk and Osborne (Sci Educ 81:405–424, 1997) provide a rigorous justification for why history and philosophy of science should be incorporated as an integral component of instruction and a model for how history of science should be used to promote learning of and about science. In the following essay we critique how history of science is used on this model, and in particular, their advocacy of a direct comparison of students’ conceptions of scientific phenomena with those of past scientists. We propose instead an alternative approach that promotes a more active engagement by inviting students to engage in the sort of reasoning that led past scientists to reach insights about scientific phenomena. As an example we describe in detail two lesson plans taken from an eight-class unit developed with reference to the history of research on sickle-cell anemia. These lessons demonstrate how an open-ended, problem-solving approach can be used to help students deepen their understanding of science. Throughout the unit students are invited to explicitly and reflectively consider the implications of their reasoning about the disease for their understanding of nature of science issues. The essay draws attention to how this alternative approach actually more closely aligns with the constructivist rationale Monk and Osborne have articulated. It concludes with a brief summary of empirical research demonstrating the efficacy of this approach.

多元协同视角下应急科研协同的创新机制与动态评价——以重大疫情为例

针对重大传染病疫情应急科研的紧迫性、重要性、时效性和协作性的特点,将协同主体、协同任务、协同要素、协同机制、协同绩效和支撑要素等多元协同维度纳入统一的分析框架和逻辑体系,构建多元协同的应急科研协同创新机制;然后将DEMATEL法和网络层次分析(ANP)法进行融合,建立基于DEMATEL-ANP模型的模糊综合评价模型,对重大传染病疫情环境下的应急科研协同活动进行动态评价;并以新型冠状病毒（2019-nCoV）抗体检测试剂盒研发为实践案例,对其应急科研协同程度进行测度和评价。研究结果表明,基于DEMATEL-ANP模型的模糊综合评价模型科学有效,能够对重大传染病疫情应急科研协同程度进行精准和动态评价。     

One year of anatomy teaching and learning in the outbreak: Has the Covid-19 pandemic marked the end of a century-old practice? A systematic review

At the end of 2019, the Covid-19 pandemic spread caused restrictions in business and social spheres. Higher education was also severely affected: universities and medical schools moved online to distance learning and laboratory facilities closed. Questions arise about the long-term effects of this pandemic on anatomical education. In this systematic review, the authors investigated whether or not anatomical educators were able to deliver anatomical knowledge during this pandemic. They also discuss the challenges that anatomical education has faced over the last year. The search strategy was conducted between July 2020 and July 2021. Two hundred and one records were identified, and a total of 79 studies were finally included. How best to deliver anatomy to students remains a moot point. In the last years, the advent of new technologies has raised the question of the possible overcoming of dissection as the main instrument in anatomical education. The Covid-19 pandemic further sharpened the debate. Remote learning enhanced the use of technologies other than cadaveric dissection to teach anatomy. Moreover, from the analyzed records it appears that both from students' perspective as well as teachers' there is a clear tear between those who endorse dissection and those who believe it could be easily overcome or at least integrated by virtual reality and online learning. The authors strongly believe that the best anatomy teaching practice requires the careful adaptation of resources and methods. Nevertheless, they support cadaveric dissection and hope that it will not be replaced entirely as a result of this pandemic.     

试述运动性贫血的发生机制与防治措施

贫血会导致机体生理和病理性的损伤,运动性贫血将直接影响到运动员的机体机能水平,通常引起血液中红细胞破坏增加;影响血红蛋白的合成,严重缺铁等现象,大大影响运动员们运动水平的正常发挥,通过给运动员补充多种不同元素,会有效地预防运动性贫血的发生。     

对青少年运动员运动性贫血的调查研究

对几所省级重点体校的150名在训男女青少年运动员的血红蛋白进行了测定和分析,结果表明:参加训练的青少年运动员因运动项目和性别的不同,在大运动量训练后其发生运动性贫血的程度各不相同.     

百色市马传染性贫血监测及扑灭吸血昆虫试验报告

为了消灭百色市马传贫疫情并巩固防治成果,1990年至2014年先后使用马传贫琼脂凝胶免疫扩散试验配合斑点单抗ELISA和抗体快速检测卡等对采自辖区9844份马属动物血清进行检测,结果全部为阴性;为了探明该病的传播媒介蠓、蚊、刺蝇及虻等吸血昆虫带毒情况,2011年至2014年,使用RT-PCR法对采自与疫区云南省交界村屯370份吸血昆虫样品进行检测,结果全部为阴性;开展使用高效氯氰菊酯、溴氯氰菊酯和双硫磷杀虫颗粒等三种药物对吸血昆虫灭杀效果试验,结果显示高效氯氰菊酯的灭虫效果最好,双硫磷杀虫颗粒投药使用比较方便简单,试验后大力推广使用,有效地控制马传贫通过吸血昆虫的传播。百色市通过广泛开展马传贫监测和传播媒介的控制,实现了巩固马传贫防控成果。     

儿童传染病的现状及防治对策研究

儿童传染病的预防与治疗一直是我国儿童身心发育关注的重点。目前在医学上对儿童传染病得到了一定程度的控制,但是儿童传染病仍严重危害着儿童的健康。了解儿童传染病的现状及发病规律可以有效的控制传染病的发生,对儿童传染病的现状进行了简要概述,了解常见儿童传染病的发病特征,并提出了一些防治儿童传染病的对策。     

营养干预对运动性贫血运动员红细胞锌卟啉、血清铜蓝蛋白浓度影响的研究

为了探寻营养补充对运动性贫血运动员红细胞锌卟啉以及血清铜蓝蛋白浓度的影响,本实验对运动性贫血运动员进行营养干预,并对干预前后的红细胞锌卟啉和血清铜蓝蛋白进行测定,观察营养干预对治疗运动性贫血的效果.实验结果表明:营养干预对缓解由于大强度的运动训练造成的血红蛋白低下具有较为明显的作用,具有预防运动性贫血发生和发展的作用;营养干预显著降低了贫血运动员血清铜蓝蛋白浓度和红细胞锌卟啉浓度,表明本实验选用的营养补剂可有效的提高了运动员的铁贮备,改善由于运动训练造成的铁代谢紊乱,对预防运动性缺铁性贫血具有积极意义.     

运动性贫血的研究进展

运动性贫血是运动生理学研究的热门之一,国内外学者都对此进行了大量的研究,虽然还存在较多的争议,但也形成了一些共识。从运动性贫血的研究历史、机理、诊断及动物模型等几个方面总结了目前运动性贫血研究的现状,并对今后的研究提出了一些建议。