图书馆服务政策体系的制定--基于案例分析的综合研究

本文主要对一些有代表性的图书馆服务政策实例进行了分析研究,宏观提出了图书馆服务政策的基本内容,从理论上提出要建立系统的图书馆服务政策,为图书馆整体的服务体系提供系统的准则与指南。     

基于维客的知识自创造与群体创新研究

基于Web2.0环境下的维客现象，结合维客技术来描述知识的创作过程，并利用布鲁克斯方程来分析信息与知识的区别，对知识的创造与知识创新进行系统分析。针对维客也有被滥用的可能，提出一些消除网络负面影响的对策。     

欧盟推进信息资源公共获取的模式及其借鉴意义

文章探讨欧盟及其成员国推进信息资源公共获取的策略，包括公共部门信息资源公开与再利用政策、大力发展电子政务以及鼓励开放存取等措施，并探讨了对我国的借鉴意义。     

图书馆知识管理理念的实践方式

“知识管理”是源于企业的一种科学的新型管理理念，它与传统图书馆管理理念有所差异。图书馆引入“知识管理”理念，其主要的衔接口在于如何充分合理地应用“拥有专业技能的人”。“知识管理”理念在图书馆管理中的实践，将创新图书馆的组织模式，提升图书馆的服务质量，提高图书馆人员的素质，营造图书馆良好的文化氛围。“知识管理”将成为图书馆变革的一把有效钥匙。     

关于图书馆知识管理的几点思考

近年来，对知识管理的研究已成为图书馆界少有的研究热点。图书馆的管理系统已离不开“知识管理”。在关于“知识管理”的概念的讨论上，更是见仁见智。本文从目前国内图书馆信息化建设和应用的情况来看，图书馆知识管理应跳出概念期，已经具备了迈向“知识管理”应用层次的潜在条件，进而对图书馆的知识管理革命、管理理念创新、培养人才等进行了阐发。     

A pillar of the Youngstown community: The Public Library of Youngstown and Mahoning County engages in the Harwood practice

ABSTRACT

The Harwood Institute arrived in Youngstown, Ohio, in 1999; and today, over 18 years later, its teachings have made a profound effect upon the city. The Youngstown Public Library, through the leadership of Carlton Sears and Heidi Daniel, has wholeheartedly embraced the methods and ideology of the Harwood Institute, helping to reinvigorate and power a city working its way back to prosperity.     

我国公共文化场馆免费开放政策检视与反思

以公共图书馆为例,运用文化权利、政策过程理论对我国公共文化场馆免费开放展开政策检视和反思。研究发现,免费开放政策取得重要成效,但亦存在问题:恒定的经费补贴量难以满足免费开放后文化供给量和服务量的增长;经费分担机制未完全落实;按行政层级设计的补贴标准难以关照到不同规模的公共图书馆需要;监督管理和考核评价机制缺失,政策激励约束不足。这主要是因为动态的政策调整和优化未能及时跟进,中央地方事权与支出责任划分不明确、支出责任与财力不匹配以及政策成本高于收益。因此,建议完善分类资助标准,设计多重综合标准;建立完善经费保障的动态调整机制,创新财政保障方式;建立绩效评价体系,形成激励约束机制。表2。参考文献27。     

Technological research in the EU is less efficient than the world average. EU research policy risks Europeans’ future

We have studied the efficiency of research in the EU by a percentile-based citation approach that analyzes the distribution of country papers among the world papers. Going up in the citation scale, the frequency of papers from efficient countries increases while the frequency from inefficient countries decreases. In the percentile-based approach, this trend, which is uniform at any citation level, is measured by the e_p index that equals the P_{top 1%}/P_{top 10%} ratio. By using the e_p index we demonstrate that EU research on fast-evolving technological topics is less efficient than the world average and that the EU is far from being able to compete with the most advanced countries. The e_p index also shows that the USA is well ahead of the EU in both fast- and slow-evolving technologies, which suggests that the advantage of the USA over the EU in innovation is due to low research efficiency in the EU. In accord with some previous studies, our results show that the European Commission’s ongoing claims about the excellence of EU research are based on a wrong diagnosis. The EU must focus its research policy on the improvement of its inefficient research. Otherwise, the future of Europeans is at risk.     

Exploring policies for the reduction of child physical abuse and neglect

Policies can be powerful tools for prevention given their potential to affect conditions that can improve population-level health. Given the dearth of empirical research on policies’ impacts on child maltreatment, this article (a) identifies 37 state policies that might have impacts on the social determinants of child maltreatment; (b) identifies available data sources documenting the implementation of 31 policies; and (c) utilizes the available data to explore effects of 11 policies (selected because they had little missing data) on child maltreatment rates. These include two policies aimed at reducing poverty, two temporary assistance to needy families policies, two policies aimed at increasing access to child care, three policies aimed at increasing access to high quality pre-K, and three policies aimed at increasing access to health care. Multi-level regression analyses between within-state trends of child maltreatment investigation rates and these 11 policies, controlling for states’ childhood poverty, adults without a high school diploma, unemployment, child burden, and race/ethnicity, identified two that were significantly associated with decreased child maltreatment rates: lack of waitlists to access subsidized child care and policies that facilitate continuity of child health care. These findings are correlational and are limited by the quality and availability of the data. Future research might focus on a reduced number of states that have good quality administrative data or population-based survey data on child maltreatment or reasonable proxies for child maltreatment and where data on the actual implementation of specific policies of interest can be documented.     

An exploratory study of inter-relationships of acculturative stressors among Chinese students from six European union (EU) countries

This study examined the inter-relationships of acculturative stressors experienced by Chinese international students. A sample of 463 Chinese students in six EU countries (UK, Germany, France, Netherlands, Spain and Belgium) responded to a web-based survey. The results showed that Chinese students in France suffered from bigger constraints in linguistic issues and dealing with life tasks than Chinese students in UK. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis revealed that language constraints and perceived cultural differences play a key role in influencing other stressors. The findings indicated that language constraints and perceived cultural differences accounted for 62% of the total variance of academic integration difficulty; language constraints accounted for 17% of the variance of problems in dealing with daily tasks; perceived cultural differences accounted for 56% of the variance of social integration difficulty; academic integration and problems in dealing with daily tasks explained 14% of the variance of homesickness.