奥地利"永久中立"政策的确立与冷战

战后奥地利被苏美英法四国分区占领,直到1955年奥地利才重新获得独立和自由。但作为一种附加条件,奥地利确立了永久中立政策。奥地利永久中立政策的确立与美、苏之间的冷战有密切的关系。     

高校图书馆电子资源培训工作的开展与模式创新

针对高校图书馆电子资源利用率不高的情况，总结目前图书馆电子资源的培训方式及在培训中存在的问题．并构建了新的培训模式。     

论北宋中后期制度转型与温州士子的机遇

"元丰九先生"的出现被视为温州区域文化发展的重要标志。而这一标志的出现与北宋中后期太学法的改革是有密切关系的。元丰太学法改革使得温州士子可以通过太学争取到远多于解额的参加省试的名额;崇宁元年推出的州县学三舍法改革,使取士权的重心部分地向下移动,进一步拓宽了温州士子的仕进之路;阻碍温州士子科举的的身份限制被从根本上取消了,生员的生活负担也在某种程度上减轻了,而后赵构小朝廷以临安为都和程学的传入,解决了温州在地理上荒僻边缘的尴尬和文化渊源匮乏的问题,这预示着温州科举和区域文化崛起的春天就要到来。     

School efficiency in low and middle income countries: An analysis based on PISA for development learning survey

This study provides new evidence on school efficiency for low and middle income countries. We use data from PISA for Development (2017) for seven countries to obtain estimates on school efficiency using data envelopment analysis, both for cognitive and non-cognitive outputs, and their determinants. We find that there is a scope to increase efficiency by 20–22% via boosting both types of educational outputs and by reducing within-country disparity on schools’ efficiency scores by weakening the impact of students’ disadvantages. Our results suggest that schools cognitive inequality can be reduced alongside inefficiency. Cross-country results suggest similar drivers of efficiency across countries, at least for students’ school determinants, though we find more nuanced results on teachers and policies determinants for efficiency.     

Augmented reality is eating the real-world! The substitution of physical products by holograms

There is a general consensus that augmented reality (AR), once it becomes a mainstream medium, can disrupt marketing and management in many ways. One frequently discussed – but mostly unanswered – question is whether AR will render existing physical products and services obsolete or not. Based on a holistic deliberation of AR Marketing and four studies with more than 2,000 respondents, this article investigates consumer acceptance of holographic AR substitutes for real products. The findings show fairly high acceptance rates for some product categories (e.g., Post-it notes, manuals, navigation technology) and low ones for others (e.g., pets, memorabilia). This study also identifies certain product and consumer characteristics (e.g., utilitarian benefits, not visible to others, digitalized products, familiarity with AR) as drivers of substitution. Finally, this paper presents multiple marketing implications, such as the disruptive potential of AR, the possibility of “copying and pasting” the real world including the threat of virtual counterfeits, the role of offline ad blockers, and four generic response strategies for companies.     

西方体育城市评选活动及其生成的历史逻辑

通过梳理西方体育城市评选活动的概况及其生成的历史逻辑，为我国创建评选体育城市活动提供借鉴。研究认为，现代西方体育城市评选的核心要素在于市民体育素养、场馆设施、公共服务、体育媒体、体育产业、举办赛事、竞技人才、竞赛成绩等指标的综合实力，合乎其市民生活、体育发展、城市建设间良性促进的历史逻辑，并为市民健康、体育兴旺及城市繁荣创造了较好的绩效。据此提出，我国可以借鉴西方体育城市评选模式开展以评促建活动，推动市民健康生活、体育兴旺发展、城市繁荣建设，以期推进"体育强国建设"目标及"建设和谐宜居城市"规划的实现。     

Bologna 2010. The Moment of Truth?

Government policies are central factors shaping the environment of higher education institutions. European governments have included in their higher education political strategies the principal goal of implementing the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). The perceptions that key actors of higher education institutions (HEIs) have about political developments are important as they may influence the achievement of government policy. The Bologna Process is at the heart of policy coordination, the instrument selected at European and national levels to establish EHEA. This article seeks to discuss empirically the views of institutional actors about the Bologna Process, taking into consideration the achievement of EHEA. The discussion is based on the analysis of the EHEA implementation in seven HEIs located in four higher education systems — Germany, Italy, Norway and Portugal. This paper draws on the theoretic-methodological approach of the policy cycle to analyse the perceptions of HEIs' constituencies about Bologna.     

浅谈鲁菜创新大赛对专业教学和人才培养的促进作用

以鲁菜创新大赛为切入点,分析述了大赛对专业人才培养、课程改革、师资队伍建设、学习风气形成等方面提升作用.     

‘TRIPs‐plus’ patent privileges—an intellectual property ‘Cargo cult’ in Australia

This article challenges the desirability of implementing more than the minimum patent standards required by Australia’s commitment to the World Trade Organisation’s Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (so‐called ‘TRIPs‐plus’ measures). We argue that there has not been an adequate analysis of what the various TRIPs‐plus measures actually are under the Patents Act 1990 (Cth), and that these measures have not been subjected to a competition analysis as required by the Competition Principles Agreement. This is, we contend, reminiscent of ‘cargo cult’ as Australian policy makers appear to reason that the most developed nations have benefited from innovation with TRIPs‐plus measures, and so with similar measures, those same benefits will accrue to Australia.