The disaggregated technology production function: A new model of university and corporate research

Technology and the process that produces it, research and development (R&D), are typically characterized as homogeneous entities. In reality, the typical industrial technology is composed of three elements: a generic technology base, supporting infratechnologies, and proprietary market applications (innovations). The first two have public good characteristics, and therefore, explicitly modeling them is essential for public policy purposes. The fundamental relationships among these elements require a technology production function that captures the supporting roles of the public good elements in creating proprietary applied technology. These critical quasi-public technology goods are supplied to a significant extent by exogenous (external) sources: central corporate research labs, government labs, and increasingly, universities. The expanding university role beyond basic research complicates the structure and functioning of the national R&D establishment and increases the need for a more accurate model of technological change to better inform R&D policy.Moreover, in assessing the resulting applied technology's impact on economic growth, both the general and partial equilibrium literatures enter the technology variable into a production function with the common “production” assets (physical capital and labor). Such models obscure an important distinction between technology and these production assets—namely, the fact that technology is primarily a “demand-shifting” asset. As such, its role is correctly specified only when combined with the other major demand-shifting asset, marketing. Allocations to these two assets vary across competing firms implying a spatial model of competition, while still providing traceability to the exogenous sources of public good technology elements, such as universities.     

我国商业银行拓展投资银行业务的策略选择

通过运用SWOT分析方法对我国商业银行拓展投资银行业务的可行性进行深刻剖析，并提出在分业经营和混业经营两种不同经营环境下商业银行可以采取的拓展投资银行经营策略。     

日本《低碳投资促进法》述评

日本参议院于5月18日通过了《低碳投资促进法》,该法是日本建设低碳社会的最新立法,规定了对从事适合能源环境的制品开发与制造的特定事业者提供筹资支持,需求开拓支援法人承保租赁合同等措施,对我国的相关立法有一定的借鉴意义。     

Priority-setting in the roll out of South Africa’s National Integrated ECD Policy

The South African National Integrated Early Childhood Development Policy was approved by the South African Cabinet in 2015. Given capacity and financial constraints, all services outlined cannot be implemented in a single step. Priorities must be set. We examine the budget implications (total cost and cost per child) and benefits of the four largest components of the Policy: interventions to improve pregnancy outcomes; home visits for at-risk mothers of children under 2 years of age; community-based playgroups for mothers and children, and center-based early childhood development services. Further, we identify which services are based on the strongest evidence, the value-based trade-offs that characterise the prioritising decisions, and which logistical factors favour alternative orderings of services. The interventions to improve pregnancy outcomes are low cost, based on sound evidence and would make use of the established healthcare infrastructure. Home visits for at-risk mothers are associated with improved development for targeted children and consequential benefits for caregivers and broader society. Playgroups are a promising low-cost intervention, but further evidence is required to determine their effectiveness. Centre-based services are expensive and generate smaller developmental returns, but provide childcare. The results highlight the value judgements required to determine the appropriate sequencing of interventions.     

2010—2011年温州工业经济运行分析与趋势判断

2010年温州工业经济增速已经恢复到金融危机之前的水平,工业行业间需求及盈利的轮动加快,工业经济增长虽无＂近忧＂却存＂远虑＂。为此,在产业政策上,要着力突破财务结构、成本结构和要素结构的约束,围绕转型升级和发展方式转变的任务,强化产业后发优势,优化产业要素与营商环境,深化产业国际化经营水平。     

城乡教育投入相对效率的定量分析——以上海市为例

以数据包络分析中的C2R模型为定量研究手段,给出了城乡教育投入的相对效率评价模型,并以上海市为例,分别对城市及农村情况进行了实证分析,最后提出了相关建议。     

皖北地区科技投入与经济发展水平的长期均衡分析

分析了皖北地区科技投入与经济发展水平之间的关系。从误差修正模型的弹性系数看,科技投入对经济增长具有明显的推动作用,地区生产总值对科技投入的弹性系数为0.4022,即科技投入增长1%时,将带动皖北地区生产总值增长0.4022%,其推动效率为2827.4364。同时,皖北地区科技投入不仅以短期波动的形式影响地区国民生产总值的变化,长期均衡的作用也比较大,误差修正项的系数为-1.9922,说明皖北地区科技投入对经济增长的推动作用非常强。     

英国高等教育投资趋势:高等教育政策和大学战略变革

文章介绍了英国高等教育财政拨款多元化和政府影响力不断削弱的变革趋势,继而从理论和实践两个层面探索了这一变革的原因.从实践层面看,全球竞争的压力和高等教育规模的扩大使高等教育财政面临挑战和困境;从理论层面看,根据三角螺旋模型,在满足更广泛的经济和社会需求的背景下,对高等教育的目的和价值应有新的理解.文章接下来从国际比较的观点阐述了2008年金融危机对英国高等教育投资的影响,在此基础上讨论了英国政府和大学的对策及未来的战略重点策略.     

我国商业银行对外直接投资的原因及对策分析

本文在邓宁的折衷范式下阐述了我国商业银行进行对外直接投资所具有的所有权优势、区位优势和内部化优势。随着我国经济的发展和非金融企业对外投资的增加，其对外直接投资规模会不断扩大，但政府需为其创造一个有利的环境，并在折衷范式框架下具体分析了面临的问题和可采取的对策。     

民营资本的加入是我国垄断性行业改革的必由之路

从我国加入WTO,以及垄断行业面临的现实矛盾看,采取多种措施,对民营资本开放垄断行业,深化垄断行业改革,放宽市场准入,实现投资主体和产权多元化是我国深化改革的要求。同时应认真解决好民营资本加入垄断性行业后有关投融资体制改革、提高政府承诺的可信性以及政策的稳定性、如何客观地看待地方政府的参与等重点问题。