Lung surfactant

Lung surfactant, a lipo-protein complex, is a highly surface-active material found in the fluid lining the air-liquid interface of the alveolar surface. Surfactant plays a dual function of preventing alveolar collapse during breathing cycle and protection of the lungs from injuries and infections caused by foreign bodies and pathogens. Varying degrees of structure-function abnormalities of surfactant have been associated with obstructive lung diseases, respiratory infections, respiratory distress syndromes, interstitial lung diseases, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, cardiopulmonary bypass surgery and smoking. For some pulmonary conditions, especially respiratory distress syndrome, surfactant therapy is on the horizon.     

慢性肺心病急性发作期患者血液流变学测定的临床意义

目的探讨慢心肺心病患者在急性发作期的血液流变学测定的临床应用价值．方 法采用全自动血液粘度快测议测定５８例患者和５２例对照组的血液粘度．结果 除纤维 蛋白原外，其它六项指标明显高于对照组，Ｐ＜０．００１．结论 本法具有快速、特异、实用等 特点，为临床在肺心病患者急性发作期合理用药提供一种有效方法．     

沙丁胺醇和丙酸氟替卡松雾化吸入治疗慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重疗效分析

目的观察沙丁胺醇和丙酸氟替卡松雾化吸入治疗慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重的疗效。方法将29例慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重的患者随机分成两组,对照组28例,常规给予抗生素及相应对照治疗;实验组29例,在对照组的基础上沙丁胺醇与丙酸氟替卡松雾化吸入治疗。用药后观察实验组及对照组临床效应、不良反应及住院时间。结果实验组及对照组每组治疗前后1周临床症状评分差异有显著性,实验组FEV1/预计值,PEF/预计值及住院时间较对照组治疗差异有显著性,并且未发现不良反应。结论在常规抗炎、祛痰等治疗基础上加用沙丁胺醇和丙酸氟替卡松联合雾化治疗一周后,患者临床症状评分及肺功能均明显改善,明显缩短了治疗疗程和住院时间,且无严重不良反应。     

Comparison of the Physiological Profiles of Middle-Aged Women Distance Runners and Sedentary Women

Abstract

Extensive in-depth interviews were conducted with all 20 members of the 1988 U.S. Olympic Wrestling Team regarding their efforts to cope with stress experienced during the Seoul Olympics. Qualitative analyses revealed that the wrestlers employed a variety of coping strategies including (a) thought control strategies (blocking distractions, perspective taking, positive thinking, coping thoughts, and prayer), (b) task focus strategies (narrow, more immediate focus, concentrating on goals), (c) behavioral based strategjies (changing or controlling the environment, following a set routine), and (d) emotional control strategies (arousal control, visualization). In accordance with the observations of Compos (1987) and Folkman and Lazarus (1985), the coping efforts of the Olympic wrestlers were not limited to particular strategies nor to single approaches to dealing with a particular stressor but, rather, reflected a dynamic complex process involving a number of strategies, often in combination. The results also suggested that the degree to which coping strategies are well learned or automatized is related to their perceived effectiveness.     

Lung Volumes and Maximal Respiratory Pressures in Collegiate Swimmers and Runners

Abstract

To determine whether respiratory muscle strength is related to pulmonary volume differences in athletes and nonathletes, 11 intercollegiate female swimmers, 11 female cross-country runners, and two nonathletic control groups, matched to the athletes in height and age, were evaluated for pulmonary parameters including maximal inspiratory pressure (P_lmax) and maximal expiratory pressure (P_Emax). Swimmers exhibited larger (p < .05) vital capacities (VC), residual lung volumes (RV), inspiratory capacities (IC), and functional residual capacities (FRC) than both the runners or the controls but no difference (p > .05) in either P_lmax or inspiratory flow (FIV_25%-75%). Timed expiratory volumes (FEV Q.5 m and FEV_1.0 were significantly (p < .05) lower in the swimmers than in the controls. These data suggest that an adaptational growth may be responsible, in part, for the augmented static lung volumes demonstrated in swimmers     

Organizational Citizenship Behavior,Organizational Communication,and Burnout: The Buffering Role of Perceived Organizational Support and Psychological Contracts

This study investigated the communicative role of perceived organizational support and psychological contracts in fulfilling exchange relationships and buffering burnout in employees contributing extra role time organizational citizenship behaviors (ERT-OCB). The lens of social information processing positioned burnout as a job attitude subject to the influence of the organization’s communication environment that informs employees as to the value they and their extra role time contributions hold with the organization. Participants (N = d461), high school teachers coaching debate teams from 46 states, completed questionnaires. Findings showed that both organizational support and psychological contract fulfillment buffered the positive relationship between ERT-OCB and burnout.     

病例-病例方法研究肺结核复发者的社会支持结构

了解复发肺结核患者的社会支持现况,为提高他们的健康水平提供依据。采用1:3匹配的病例-病例对照研究,研究不同维度的社会支持对肺结核复发的影响。结果显示,复发组所获得的社会支持,尤其是主观支持和支持利用度低于对照组。由多因素的条件Logistic逐步回归分析可知,主观支持分每增加一个单位,结核病人复发的可能性就减少到原来的0.903;支持利用度每增加一个单位,结核病人复发的可能性就减少到原来的0.867。因此,良好的社会支持对肺结核病人的复发有一定的预防作用,应从多角度提高肺结核患者的社会支持水平,以减少复发的发生。     

浅析老年病人进行肺功能检测的配合指导

肺功能检测技术临床应用广泛,对呼吸道疾病的诊断和治疗,以及外科手术病人的术前评估,术后并发症的防治有重要的作用。肺功能检测结果与患者的配合程度密切相关,老年病人由于生理和心理功能退化,在肺功能检测中配合能力差,对1100例老年病人及时进行评估,指导配合技巧,明显提高肺功能检测成功率,99%病人完成了肺功能检测,提高了工作效率。     

利用Extra·FLV建设教学资源库

FLV是当前网络上最流行的视频格式，然而针对FLV格式文件进行剪辑、合并及转换等的操作并不是很方便。本文简单介绍了Extra．FLV软件在建设FLV格式视频教学资源库中的作用。     

基于多元利益冲突的特大型工程项目社会稳定风险预警研究

使用贝叶斯网络作为工具,以贝叶斯网络中的节点代替利益相关者和利益诉求风险,连接节点有向边代替利益冲突,进而构建预警模型,实现基于多元利益冲突对社会稳定风险的预警,从利益相关者视角对社会稳定风险的预防。实证结果表明,该预警模型能较好的分析工程建设期间利益冲突的变化,定位风险源泉,对降低工程建设所在地社会稳定性风险,具有一定参考借鉴意义。