大气颗粒物污染与运动

大气颗粒物是对人体健康危害极大的污染物。人体在大气污染的环境中进行运动,随着通气量的增加,吸入体内颗粒物数量也增多,运动者会出现一些呼吸系统功能下降的症状,对健康和运动能力造成不利的影响。针对大气颗粒物对运动者健康和运动能力造成的影响做一综述。     

肥胖儿童肺通气功能的研究

本研究使用意大利产肺量计对8—10岁肥胖儿童及正常儿童肺通气功能进行多项指标的测试及其统计学分析,结果表明,肥胖儿童的肺通气功能明显低于正常儿童。体表面积、瘦体重与肺通气功能的参数相关密切。     

Teacher Access and Mentoring Abilities: Predicting the Outcome Value of Extra Class Communication

Reasoning from Sunnafrank's theory of predicted outcome value (POV), this investigation examined how students' assessments of their teachers' accessibility and mentoring abilities influenced their perceptions of the predicted value of engaging in extra class communication (ECC). Student perceptions of teacher physical and social accessibility, along with teacher mentoring abilities (including career, course, and psychosocial), were all substantially and positively related to students' ratings of the POV of ECC. However, only social accessibility, course mentoring, and career mentoring emerged as significant predictors of POV in the regression model. These findings validate POV theory by confirming that students readily assess what they have to gain (or lose) from potential ECC encounters based on what their teachers can offer them. These findings are discussed with regard to understanding how students may be motivated to realize the benefits of ECC.     

Is an integrative laboratory algorithm more effective in detecting alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency in patients with premature chronic obstructive pulmonary disease than AAT concentration based screening approach?

Introduction:

Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), genetic risk factor for premature chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), often remains undetected. The aim of our study was to analyse the effectiveness of an integrative laboratory algorithm for AATD detection in patients diagnosed with COPD by the age of 45 years, in comparison with the screening approach based on AAT concentration measurement alone.

Subjects and methods:

50 unrelated patients (28 males/22 females, age 52 (24–75 years) diagnosed with COPD before the age of 45 years were enrolled. Immunonephelometric assay for alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) and PCR-reverse hybridization for Z and S allele were first-line, and isoelectric focusing and DNA sequencing (ABI Prism BigDye) were reflex tests.

Results:

AATD associated genotypes were detected in 7 patients (5 ZZ, 1 ZM_malton, 1 ZQ0_amersfoort), 10 were heterozygous carriers (8 MZ and 2 MS genotypes) and 33 were without AATD (MM genotype). Carriers and patients without AATD had comparable AAT concentrations (P = 0.125). In majority of participants (48) first line tests were sufficient to analyze AATD presence. In two remaining cases reflex tests identified rare alleles, M_malton and Q0_amersfoort, the later one being reported for the first time in Serbian population. Detection rate did not differ between algorithm and screening both for AATD (P = 0.500) and carriers (P = 0.063).

Conclusion:

There is a high prevalence of AATD affected subjects and carriers in a group of patients with premature COPD. The use of integrative laboratory algorithm does not improve the effectiveness of AATD detection in comparison with the screening based on AAT concentration alone.     

心脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白与急性肺栓塞预后相关性的研究

对40例临床确诊肺栓塞病人入院前三天连续行心脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白（H～FABP）定性,同时记录病人休克的发生率及病死率研究心脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白与急性肺栓塞预后的相关性结果显示,40例病例中,H—FABP阳性14例（35％）,阴性26例（65％）。H—FABP阳性组与阴性组比较休克发生率与30天病死率存在明显差异（P〈0．05）。说明心脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白对于短期预后具有较好阴性预测值。     

硝酸甘油治疗慢性肺心病心衰两例分析

目的通过典型慢性肺心病心衰治疗时加用硝酸甘油,探索硝酸甘油作为血管扩张剂治疗慢性肺心病心衰的疗效。方法在抗感染、氧疗、纠正酸碱平衡及电解质紊乱、纠正心率失常、利尿的基础治疗上加用硝酸甘油微泵推注。结果 2例慢性肺心病心衰患者在常规综合治疗基础上加用硝酸甘油,咳嗽、呼吸困难、胸闷、心慌症状得以缓解,紫绀、水肿消退,肺部啰音减轻或消失,心功能也得以改善。结论硝酸甘油能有效控制心衰,改善症状。     

肺泡蛋白沉着症30例HRCT诊断及分析

目的分析PAP的HRCT表现,以期提高诊断及鉴别诊断水平。方法收集2001-2009年间在岳阳市二人民医院住院病人中经病理诊断为PAP患者30例,全部病例均胸部CT扫描并加做HRCT扫描。结果临床表现以活动后胸闷、呼吸困难为主;HRCT表现多种多样,15例表现为磨玻璃影,11例患者表现"地图样改变",4例呈典型"铺路石样"。结论出现临床症状与特征性影像学表现分离现象时,应首先考虑PAP。     

内科住院患者静脉血栓栓塞症的临床防治

静脉血栓栓塞症(venous thromboembolism,VTE)是一种多种危险因子共同参与其发病机制的全身性疾病,VTE最终产生两种主要的临床类型,包括深静脉血栓形成(deep venous thrombosis,DVT)和肺血栓栓塞症(pulmonary thromboembolism,PTE),前者最为常见,而后者则较为严重。作为一种疾病的两种表现,DVT与PTE的防治方法相似,主要为抗凝治疗。文章就近年来内科住院患者静脉血栓栓塞症临床防治的相关研究进展进行阐述。     

Assay of tubercular antibody, circulating free and immune complexed antigen in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis

Analysis of tubercular antibody, circulating free and immune complexed antigen (CIC-Ag) was done in confimed pulmonary tuberculosis sera by ELISA, using ES-31 antigen and affinity purified anti ES-31 antibody. Twenty three of 25 (92%) tuberculosis sera were positive for IgG antibody to ES-31 antigen. Using anti ES-31 antibody, free tubercular antigen could be detected in 20 of 25 (80%) cases whereas circulating immune complexed antigen (CIC-Ag) in 18 of 25 (72%) cases by sandwich ELISA. Of the two sera showing absence of antibody, one showed presence of free and CIC-Ag whereas the other showed the presence of free antigen. Thus antigen assay may be used as an adjunct tool for confirmation of pulmonary tuberculosis.     

肺结核与郁达夫小说的浪漫主义艺术特色

从郁达夫自青年时代就患肺结核的事实出发,先从其书信、自传、日记等相关资料中考证其肺结核的发病史,然后结合肺结核的病理因素具体论述郁达夫小说的人物形象的病态美、“爱与死”的主题、自然观、主观抒情性,指出肺结核对郁达夫小说浪漫主义艺术特色的重要影响。