Isolation, PCR based identification, and sensitivity pattern of environmental mycobacteria from leprosy and tuberculosis patients

We have isolated and identified the biotype of environmental mycobacteria from the expectorate of leprosy patients, their contacts, their drinking water supply and also from the sputa samples of tuberculosis patients. 78% of the isolates from lepromatous leprosy patients and their contacts wereMycobacterium fortuitum- chelonae complex (MFC), 9%Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), 9%Mycobacterium scrofulaceum and 4% wereMycobacterium smegmatis. Among the isolates from tuberculosis patients 63% belonged toM. fortuitum- chelonae complex, 19% toM. avium complex, 12% toMycobacterium Kansasii and 6% toM. smegmatis. All the isolates were multi-drug resistant when tested for sensitivity total of 21 drugs. TheMycobacterium fortuitum-chelonae complex organisms from leprosy contacts were more sensitive to rifampicin than those isolated from lepromatous leprosy and tuberculosis patients. Among 23 isolates from leprosy patients one isolate was resistant to 20 drugs, one isolate to 17 drugs and another isolate was resistant to 13 drugs. Among the 18 isolates from drinking water supply six showed resistance to more than 12 drugs. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and subsequent hybridisation with specific probes confirmed all the isolated strains as nontuberculous mycobacteria (Using genus primers and probe sensitivity 100%) and none asM. tuberculosis, suggesting that PCR could be used to rapidly identify mycobacteria at the genus level and to rule out tuberculosis in leprosy patients at an early stage to decide on appropriate course of therapy.     

Effect of nebulized nitroglycerin on children with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary hypertension

In order to find a safe, simple, effective and selective pulmonary vasodilator, we tested the effectiveness and safety of inhalation of nebulized nitroglycerin (Neb-NTG) by children with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary hypertension (VSD-PH). Twenty μg/kg Neb-NTG was inhaled by seven children with VSD-PH using face mask during cardiac catheterization. The pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), systemic arterial pressure (SAP) and methemoglobin (MetHb) concentration were measured before and after inhalation of Neb-NTG. After inhalation of Neb-NTG, the PAP and pulmonary-to-systemic pressure ratio (Pp/Ps) decreased significantly; There was no significant decrease in SAP. The systolic and diastolic PAP decreased respectively 13±4% and 9±7% in 5 min, 21±3% and 13±17% in 10 min, 24±3% and 16±19% in 15 min. The Pp/Ps decreased 12±4% in 5 min, 21±9% in 10 min and 24±6% in 15 min. There was no significant increase in the MetHb level after inhalation of 20 μg/kg of Neb-NTG. The MetHb level was below 1.5%. Neb-NTG is a safe, simple, effective and selective pulmonary vasodilator.     

不同方式运动对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺功能及生存质量影响的Meta分析

目的:评价有氧运动、抗阻运动、瑜伽、传统健身功法4种不同运动对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)患者的影响,从肺功能、6 min步行实验(6 minutes walk test,6MWT)、生存质量3方面,分析比较不同运动方式对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺功能及生存质量的改善效果,有针对性的在慢性阻塞性肺疾病的预防和管理方面提供合理建议和科学依据。方法:建立纳入和排除标准,通过检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国知网(CNKI)、万方等文献数据库,收集运动对慢性阻塞性肺疾病干预的随机对照试验(randomized controlled trial,RCT),运用Revman5.3软件和Stata16.0软件对所纳入文献的结局指标进行分析。结果:共纳入23篇文献,包括1440例受试者,其中实验组719人,对照组721人。Meta分析结果显示,与对照组相比,运动锻炼能够提高COPD患者第1 s用力呼吸容积(forced expiratory volume in the first second,FEV1)(SMD=0.51,95%CI:0.19,0.83,P=0.002)、用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)(SMD=0.78,95%CI:0.08,1.47,P=0.03)、第1 s用力呼气容积与用力肺活量比值FEV1/FVC(SMD=0.51,95%CI:0.18,1.10,P=0.007)和第1 s用力呼气容积占预计值百分比FEV1/%(SMD=0.35,95%CI:0.10,0.60,P=0.006),延长了6 min步行距离6MWT(SMD=0.49,95%CI:0.33,0.65,P≤0.0001),降低患者呼吸困难指数,提高了生存质量(SMD=-0.59,95%CI:-0.87,-0.31,P≤0.0001)。传统健身功法和有氧运动对COPD患者肺功能、6MWT及生存质量的改善效果更好,抗阻运动和瑜伽虽然在6 min步行距离的加长和生存质量的提高方面效果显著,但在与慢性阻塞性肺疾病最密切相关的肺功能方面的改善效果并不明显。结论:有氧运动、抗阻运动、瑜伽和传统健身功法都对慢性阻塞性肺疾病有一定的预防和改善效果,对肺功能、6MWT及生存质量有明显的改善作用,且传统健身功法和有氧运动的改善效果更全面。     

大理州2011年网络直报肺结核／疑似肺结核患者转诊及追踪结果分析

目的：分析阆络直报肺结核／疑似肺结核患者转诊及追踪情况,为制定强化措施提供依据。方法：查阅大理州肺结核管理资料,对转诊及追踪结果进行统计分析。结果：大理州2011年网络直报肺结核／疑似肺结核4127例,转诊及追踪总体到位率为92．82％,未到位的主要原因是拒绝就诊、外出务工、查无此人等。结论：在实施肺结核／疑似肺结核转诊及追踪工作中,要进一步强化医疗机构与结核病防治机构间协作机制。     

Teacher Access and Mentoring Abilities: Predicting the Outcome Value of Extra Class Communication

Reasoning from Sunnafrank's theory of predicted outcome value (POV), this investigation examined how students' assessments of their teachers' accessibility and mentoring abilities influenced their perceptions of the predicted value of engaging in extra class communication (ECC). Student perceptions of teacher physical and social accessibility, along with teacher mentoring abilities (including career, course, and psychosocial), were all substantially and positively related to students' ratings of the POV of ECC. However, only social accessibility, course mentoring, and career mentoring emerged as significant predictors of POV in the regression model. These findings validate POV theory by confirming that students readily assess what they have to gain (or lose) from potential ECC encounters based on what their teachers can offer them. These findings are discussed with regard to understanding how students may be motivated to realize the benefits of ECC.     

Physiological and Anatomical Characteristics Of Outstanding Female Junior Tennis Players

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological adaptations of resistance training (RT) in prepubertal boys. Methods: Eighteen healthy boys were divided into RT (n = 9, M_age = 10.4 ± 0.5 years) and control (CTR; n = 9, M_age = 10.9 ± 0.7 years) groups. The RT group underwent a resistance training during 12 weeks, 3 times per week, performing 3 sets of 6 to 15 repetitions at intensities ranging from 60% to 80% of maximal dynamic strength (1-repetition maximum [1-RM] values). Before and after the training, the groups were assessed in their body mass and composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), isokinetic dynamometry, 1-RM, and ergoespirometry. Moreover, force per unit of muscle volume was calculated by the quotient between 1-RM and lean mass. Results: Both groups presented statistically significant (p < .05) increases in the 1-RM and force per unit of muscle volume in the knee extension and elbow flexion, but these strength increases were statistically significantly greater in the RT group (effect size [ES] = 2.83–9.00) than in the CTR group (ES = 0.72–1.00). Moreover, both groups statistically significantly increased in lean body mass variables (ES = 0.12–0.38). However, increases in the fat mass variables occurred only in the CTR group (ES = ? 0.01–0.50), whereas no changes were observed in the RT group. Furthermore, there were statistically significant increases in all bone mineral content variables (ES = 0.13–0.43), without differences between groups. No cardiorespiratory changes were observed. Conclusion: Twelve weeks of RT was effective in improving strength and force per unit of muscle volume and prevented fat mass increases in boys.     

我国优秀赛艇运动员肺通气机能及其与成绩相关性调查研究

研究目的:了解我国优秀赛艇运动员肺通气机能及其与成绩的相关性,以期发现问题,指导训练。研究方法:以国家赛艇集训队112名运动员为研究对象。利用独立样本T检验、方差分析和Pearson相关进行统计分析。结果:1)赛艇运动员肺功能特点FEV1%(T)为76.5%,显著低于正常成人83%的标准,但FEV1%(G)却达到了93.29%,FEV3%达到了99.98%,超出了普通成年人的水平。说明赛艇运动员吸气不充分,呼气功能相对好于吸气功能。2)赛艇运动员肺通气功能与2 000m测功仪成绩相关性研究发现2 000m测功仪成绩与多数肺功能指标间存在中度甚至高度负相关,即肺功能越好,测功仪上2000m用时越短,成绩越好。结论:赛艇运动员肺通气机能良好,但呼气机能相对好于吸气机能。赛艇运动员肺通气机能与运动成绩之间存在中、高度相关,肺通气机能越好,比赛成绩越好。     

VNTR技术用于大理地区结核分枝杆菌基因分型的研究

目的：应用数目可变串联重复序列（VNTR）分子分型技术,对大理地区60株肺结核临床分离株进行分型研究,探讨大理地区菌株DNA多态性及基因型特征。方法：采用VNTR分子分型技术对60株结核分枝杆菌3个VNTR位点进行检测,应用Quantity one软件和BioNumerics 6.6软件进行聚类分析。结果：60株结核分枝杆菌可以分为4个基因群（Ⅰ群、Ⅱ群、Ⅲ群、Ⅳ群）,28个基因型。Ⅰ群占15.0%,含有5个基因型,Ⅱ群占31.7%,含有8个基因型,Ⅲ群占40.0%,含有11个基因型,Ⅳ群占13.3%,含有4个基因型。结论：大理地区的结核分枝杆菌存在基因多态性,其主要流行群为Ⅲ群。     

肺栓塞30例临床误诊分析

目的：探讨肺栓塞的诊断方法,分析常见误诊原因,提高对肺栓塞的认识,降低误诊、误治。方法：收集了30例肺栓塞患者的临床表现、实验室资料及误诊情况,对误诊原因进行分析。结果：肺栓塞临床表现缺乏特异性,临床医生,尤其是部分外科医生对该病认识不足,故误诊率高。30例病例误诊肺炎11例,肺结核4例,胸膜炎3例,慢性阻塞性肺病2例,肺心病2例,急性冠脉综合征5例,急性左心衰2例,腰椎间盘突出症1例。结论：肺栓塞早期临床诊断有一定困难,临床医生应提高对病症的认识,对有高危因素患者新近出现气促、胸痛、咯血、呼吸困难和新发肺部浸润影,经治疗症状无缓解,应考虑肺栓塞可能,尽早完善CT肺动脉造影检查,减少误诊、误治。