西藏半干旱区三种柏树抗旱性研究

本文以西藏半干旱区分布的柏树为实验树种,采用盆栽控水干旱胁迫手段,比较和分析了3种柏树在持续水分胁迫条件下的生理响应,结果表明:①随着干旱胁迫时间推移,土壤含水量不断降低,各树种叶片水分饱和亏缺值持续上升,初期失水速率基本相同,至13d,各树种失水速率逐渐加快并产生差异,其中,巨柏失水速度最快、大果圆柏次之、香柏最小;②从叶绿素a+b值和叶绿素a/b值综合比较来看,香柏和巨柏的抗旱适应性、喜光性略高于大果圆柏;③遭受干旱胁迫后,巨柏、香柏和大果圆柏体内游离脯氨酸含量分别增加了68.73%、63.61%和47.66%;④在此过程中,各树种体内丙二醛含量基本保持相对稳定状态,胁迫后期与前期相比并没有出现大量积累的现象。不同胁迫阶段,大果圆柏的电解质外渗率处于较高水平,巨柏次之,香柏最低;⑤可溶性糖积累过程中巨柏和大果圆柏增量明显高于香柏;⑥随着干旱胁迫时间延长,3个树种体内保护酶SOD和CAT含量均有所下降,试验初期至结束,SOD活性分别下降了20.34%～39.35%,CAT活性下降了58.39%～72.30%。采用模糊数学隶属函数法对3种柏树抗旱性进行综合评价,其抗旱能力强弱排序依次为香柏巨柏大果圆柏。     

基于WiMAX和Wi-Fi以及3G网络融合技术的研究

文章在分析ViMAX技术特点的基础上,结合现有的Wi-Fi和3G网络各自的特点,给出了相应的混合组网模式,融合三网各自的技术优势,将更有利于宽带无线业务的发展。     

Stability and dissipative analysis for a class of stochastic system with time-delay

This paper deals with the stability and dissipative problem of a class of stochastic hybrid system. The system under study involves Markovian jump, impulsive effects and time delay, which are often encountered in practice and are the sources of instability. Our attention is focused on analysis of whether the stochastic hybrid system with time-delay is stochastically asymptotically stable and strictly (Q, S, R) dissipative. By introducing an extra artificial time instance, the equivalent system is obtained and the sufficient conditions are derived by using linear matrix inequality (LMI) techniques. The main results of this paper unify the existing results on H_∞ control.     

Openness and innovation—Home and export demand effects on manufacturing innovation: Panel data evidence for Ireland and Switzerland

Recent studies in the tradition of Schmookler have re-emphasised the potential role of demand in stimulating innovation. Here, we reconsider the role of ‘home’ and ‘export’ market demand in stimulating manufacturing innovation using comparable panel data for two small open economies - Ireland and Switzerland. Our analysis is based on the estimation of reduced form innovation production functions using panel data estimators over the sample period 1994-2005. For a range of innovation indicators, however, we find little evidence of any significant market demand effects, with innovation performance instead determined largely by firm-level capability effects and characteristics. In policy and strategy terms this suggests the continued value of measures to improve innovation capability regardless of market demand conditions. In more methodological terms our results suggest the validity of the usual assumption implicit in modelling innovation outputs that supply-side factors predominate.     

The role of ICT knowledge flows for international market share dynamics

This paper investigates the role of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) related knowledge flows for international market shares. Using bibliometric data on scientific publications, we analyse the relationship between the strength of 14 OECD countries in four ICT-related scientific fields and the ability of those countries to maintain and acquire export market shares in the OECD market, across 16 manufacturing industries over the period 1981-2003. We find that domestic and foreign ICT-related scientific knowledge flows have a positive and significant impact on export market shares in ICT industries, while only domestic flows positively affect export shares in non-ICT industries. We also find that small open economies benefit more than other countries from foreign knowledge flows both in ICT and in non-ICT industries.     

基于FFMC-16LX CPU系列16位微控制器软件开发

本文介绍了富士通FFMC-16LX CPU系列16位微控制器嵌入式软件开发过程,并通过其集成软件开发环境Softune V3对微控制器几个常用的外设功能及中断的程序开发要点部分作了详细说明,并结合程序开发介绍了程序调试的方法和技巧,同时,根据实例程序对富士通单片机C语言的一些特点以及应用过程中的注意事项加以叙述。     

采用酚醛植物纤维素粘附CO_2的化学防火研究

当前化学防火材料耐火极限较低,且成本较高。设计一种新型的有机防火材料,结合传统的有机植物纤维防火材料和酚醛FRP型防火材料的优点,采用酚醛植物纤维素粘附CO2技术得到一种新型防火材料。以活化的天然酚醛聚合材料为聚阴离子性正极材料,并把有机植物纤维素溶解到超临界溶剂中,研究其化学平衡和极相平衡,通过化学反应产生一种惰性液相介质,采用固相辅助回流法合成新型的酚醛植物纤维素。材料在受到高温燃烧过程中形成活性电子极性传导性差,能有效吸附CO2,阻止燃烧。通过实验和性能测试验证了该防火材料的良好性能,防火能力和抵抗时间增强。     

三维图像重建中差异信息融合算法研究

针对三维图像重建中的差异信息融合算法识别率较低,稳定性差,无法有效处理不确定因素等弊端,提出一种新的三维图像重建差异信息融合算法,分析了二维图像和三维图像的一阶与二阶统计,对自相关函数进行归一化处理,将二维图像的自相关函数变成三维自相关函数,利用傅里叶变换求出三维图像的功率谱,通过调整合理的辐角塑造该三维图像的傅里叶转换。对三维图像重建过程中的特征向量进行划分,保证三维图像重建过程中全部信息的完整性。依据特征向量与信息之间的经验知识对学习样本进行建立,给出某一时间段内三维图像重建中某个神经网络对应的差异信息融合公式,对多个神经网络的差异信息融合结果进行融合,实现三维图像重建中差异信息的融合。仿真实验结果表明,所提算法具有很高的有效性。     

Intellectual property infringements due to R&D abroad? A comparative analysis between firms with international and domestic innovation activities

This paper aims to analyse the risk of intellectual property (IP) infringements by competitors from abroad and in particular to consider whether this risk is higher for international innovating firms. We distinguish three different types of IP infringements from abroad: the usage of firms’ technical inventions, product piracy, and copying of corporate names and designs. Our analysis rests on the German data from the Europe-wide Community Innovation Survey (CIS). We use a unique data set of about 900 observations, which are retrieved from two survey waves. While the earlier wave contains information about international and domestic innovation activities, the later wave reports IP infringements. In a second analysis, the likelihood of infringements from innovation host countries and no-innovation host countries abroad is examined. Before the empirical analysis, an exploratory study was carried out in China with interviews of German firms with innovation activities in China and with a legal advisor for small and medium-sized German enterprises. The results show that firms with international R&D activities are increasing their chances of losing technological knowledge to their local competitors abroad. R&D activities in countries with weak intellectual property rights increase the risk for all types of IP infringements compared to domestic R&D activities. Infringements by competitors from the host country are driven by the production of new produces in this country. Export intensity is the major driver of infringements from no-innovation host countries. R&D activities in China and North America also increase the risk of an infringement. However, firms that innovate only in their home country experience significantly more product piracy cases than international innovating firms.     

R&D co-operation and innovation a microeconometric study on French firms

The scope of this paper is to report new empirical evidence on the determinants of R&D co-operation. Indeed, the literature on the capabilities of firms emphasises the role of knowledge in the performance and evolution of firms who use knowledge developed in others to build their own knowledge capital. R&D co-operation between firms is one of the many strategies by which this knowledge may be transmitted. Several theoretical models have stressed that R&D co-operation is more likely when the level of spillovers is high. While this supposition is used in many theoretical models, it has rarely been tested before. Our results do not lend strong support to this intuition. Indeed, our spillover variables (national pure spillovers, national rent spillovers and imports of machine tools), which were supposed to match the theoretical notion of spillovers used in these theoretical models have a positive but not a significant role when explaining R&D co-operation. The R&D co-operation increases with size and with R&D intensity, but not with market share. It also increases with the budget spent on paying license fees and on acquiring patents and labour from foreign firms. In this study, we also analyse the determinants of innovation. In more precise terms, we compare the effects of R&D co-operation to those played by traditional internal factors and those exerted by external, pure and rent spillovers on the innovation capacity of the firms. Our results show that the commercial success of innovations of French firms depends mainly on size, market share, R&D intensity and human capital. Inward FDI from industrialised countries exerts a positive and significant effect. The finding highlights the important role of the absorptive capacity of firms. Spillover measurements, such as the acquisition of machine tools, foreign patents, licenses, and technological opportunities have a positive impact on innovation.